Ternary Quantum Dots

Ternary Quantum Dots: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications reviews the latest advances in ternary (I-III-VI) chalcopyrite quantum dots (QDs), along with their synthesis, properties and applications. Sections address the fundamental key concepts of ternary quantum dots, progress in synthesis strategies (i.e., organic and aqueous synthesis), and characterization methods (i.e., transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, etc.). Properties of ternary quantum dots are comprehensively reviewed, including optical, chemical and physical properties. The factors and mechanisms of the cytotoxicity of ternary quantum dot-based nanomaterials are also described. Since ternary chalcopyrite quantum dots are less toxic and more environmentally benign than conventional binary II-VI chalcogenide quantum dots, they are being investigated to replace conventional quantum dots in a range of applications. Thus, this book reviews QDs in various applications, such as solar cells, photocatalytic, sensors and bio-applications. Reviews fundamental concepts of ternary quantum dots and quantum dot-nanocomposites including the most relevant synthesis strategies, key properties, and characterization techniques Delves into the cytotoxicity of quantum dots looking at the factors and mechanisms that influence cytotoxicity including demonstration of cytotoxicity assays for in vitro and in vivo tests Touches on the many applications of ternary quantum dots including biomedical applications, applications in solar cells, sensing applications, and photocatalytic applications

ABSTRACT: Modified Karnaugh map for ternary logic synthesis and logic circuit realization in ternary quantum dot cellular automata (tQCA) is presented in this research article. This modified mapping technique is used for the realization of ternary proposition logic and greater minimization in ternary logic synthesis in tQCA. The comparison is made with earlier proposed ternary mapping technique for logic minimization. The tQCA logic circuit design is also described. The tQCA layout of diverse logic gates like ternary majority voter (TMV), ternary inverter (T_INV), and ternary wire (T_WIRE) circuit is explored. In case study, 3:1 tQCA multiplexer design and tQCA layout is presented.

Semiconductor Quantum Dots presents an overview of the background and recent developments in the rapidly growing field of ultrasmall semiconductor microcrystallites, in which the carrier confinement is sufficiently strong to allow only quantized states of the electrons and holes. The main emphasis of this book is the theoretical analysis of the confinement induced modifications of the optical and electronic properties of quantum dots in comparison with extended materials. The book develops the theoretical background material for the analysis of carrier quantum-confinement effects, introduces the different confinement regimes for relative or center-of-mass motion quantization of the electron-hole-pairs, and gives an overview of the best approximation schemes for each regime. A detailed discussion of the carrier states in quantum dots is presented and surface polarization instabilities are analyzed, leading to the self-trapping of carriers near the surface of the dots. The influence of spin-orbit coupling on the quantum-confined carrier states is discussed. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of small and large quantum dots are studied in detail and the influence of the quantum-dot size distribution in many realistic samples is outlined. Phonons in quantum dots as well as the influence of external electric or magnetic fields are also discussed. Last but not least the recent developments dealing with regular systems of quantum dots are also reviewed. All things included, this is an important piece of work on semiconductor quantum dots not to be dismissed by serious researchers and physicists. Contents: IntroductionTheoretical Concepts, Quantum Confinement RegimesElectron-Hole-Pair StatesOptical Properties of Small DotsOptical Properties of Large DotsPhonons and External FieldsCoupled Quantum DotsAppendix: Asymptotic Cluster Growth Laws Readership: Condensed matter physicists, researchers in laser and optical science. keywords:Absorption;Configuration Interaction;Confinement Energy;Excitons;Biexcitons;Confinement Regime;Spin-Orbit Coupling;Angular Momentum

The book presents developments and applications of these methods, such as NMR, mass, and others, including their applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses. The book is divided into two sections. The first section covers spectroscopic methods, their applications, and their significance as characterization tools; the second section is dedicated to the applications of spectrophotometric methods in pharmaceutical and biomedical analyses. This book would be useful for students, scholars, and scientists engaged in synthesis, analyses, and applications of materials/polymers.

Captures the most up-to-date research in the field, written in an accessible style by the world's leading experts.

This book gathers the proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Advancement in Communication Circuits and Systems (ICCACCS 2018), which was organized by Narula Institute of Technology under the patronage of the JIS group, affiliated with West Bengal University of Technology. The book presents peer-reviewed papers that highlight new theoretical and experimental findings in the fields of electronics and communication engineering, including interdisciplinary areas like Advanced Computing, Pattern Recognition and Analysis, and Signal and Image Processing. The respective papers cover a broad range of principles, techniques and applications in microwave devices, communication and networking, signal and image processing, computations and mathematics, and control. The proceedings reflect the conference’s strong emphasis on methodological approaches, and focus on applications within the domain of Computational Advancement in Communication Circuits and Systems. They also address emerging technologies in electronics and communication, together with the latest practices, issues and trends.

The benefits of ionizing radiations have been largely demonstrated through many achievements of human life. Understanding the fundamental elementary interactions of ionizing radiations with material has allowed the development of various applications needed by different industries. This book draws some facets of their applications, such as hardening process for semiconductor devices, biomedical imaging by radiation luminescent quantum dots, hydrogen gas detection by Raman lidar sensor for explosion risk assessment, water and wastewater purification by radiation treatment for environment, doping by the neutron transmutation doping for the semiconductor industry, and polymerization by irradiation, which is useful for industries requiring resistant and protective coating. I wish the chapters of this book can provide some helpful information on ionizing radiation applications.

This book outlines various synthetic approaches, tuneable physical properties, and device applications of core/shell quantum dots (QDs). Core/shell QDs have exhibited enhanced quantum yield (QY), suppressed photobleaching/blinking, and significantly improved photochemical/physical stability as compared to conventional bare QDs. The core-shell structure also promotes the easy tuning of QDs’ band structure, leading to their employment as attractive building blocks in various optoelectronic devices. The main objective of this book is to create a platform for knowledge sharing and dissemination of the latest advances in novel areas of core/shell QDs and relevant devices, and to provide a comprehensive introduction and directions for further research in this growing area of nanomaterials research.

This book provides tools well suited for the quantitative investigation of semiconductor electron microscopy. These tools allow for the accurate determination of the composition of ternary semiconductor nanostructures with a spatial resolution at near atomic scales. The book focuses on new methods including strain state analysis as well as evaluation of the composition via the lattice fringe analysis (CELFA) technique. The basics of these procedures as well as their advantages, drawbacks and sources of error are all discussed. The techniques are applied to quantum wells and dots in order to give insight into kinetic growth effects such as segregation and migration. In the first part of the book the fundamentals of transmission electron microscopy are provided. These are needed for an understanding of the digital image analysis techniques described in the second part of the book. There the reader will find information on different methods of composition determination. The third part of the book focuses on applications such as composition determination in InGaAs Stranski--Krastanov quantum dots. Finally it is shown how an improvement in the precision of the composition evaluation can be obtained by combining CELFA with electron holography. This is demonstrated for an AlAs/GaAs superlattice.

Designed for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, Introductory Nanoscience asks key questions about the quantitative concepts that underlie this new field. How are the optical and electrical properties of nanomaterials dependent upon size, shape, and morphology? How do we construct nanometer-sized objects? Using solved examples thr

The Future of Semiconductor Oxides in Next-Generation Solar Cells begins with several chapters covering the synthesis of semiconductor oxides for NGSCs. Part II goes on to cover the types and applications of NGSCs currently under development, while Part III brings the two together, covering specific processing techniques for NGSC construction. Finally, Part IV discusses the stability of SO solar cells compared to organic solar cells, and the possibilities offered by hybrid technologies. This comprehensive book is an essential reference for all those academics and professionals who require thorough knowledge of recent and future developments in the role of semiconductor oxides in next generation solar cells. Unlocks the potential of advanced semiconductor oxides to transform Next Generation Solar Cell (NGSC) design Full coverage of new developments and recent research make this essential reading for researchers and engineers alike Explains the synthesis and processing of semiconductor oxides with a view to their use in NGSCs

The book presents the fabrication and circuit modeling of quantum dot gate field effect transistor (QDGFET) and quantum dot gate NMOS inverter (QDNMOS inverter). It also introduces the development of a circuit model of QDGFET based on Berkley Short Channel IGFET model (BSIM). Different ternary logic circuits based on QDGFET are also investigated in this book. Advanced circuit such as three-bit and six bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) were also simulated.

This book gathers high-quality papers presented at the Third International Conference on Smart Computing and Informatics (SCI 2018–19), which was organized by the School of Computer Engineering and School of Computer Application, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India, on 21–22 December, 2018. It includes advanced and multi-disciplinary research on the design of smart computing and informatics. Thematically, the book broadly focuses on several innovation paradigms in system knowledge, intelligence and sustainability that can help to provide realistic solutions to various problems confronting society, the environment, and industry. The respective papers offer valuable insights into the how emerging computational and knowledge transfer approaches can be used to deliver optimal solutions in science, technology and healthcare.

This book gathers the proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Advancement in Communication Circuits and Systems (ICCACCS 2018), which was organized by Narula Institute of Technology under the patronage of the JIS group, affiliated with West Bengal University of Technology. The book presents peer-reviewed papers that highlight new theoretical and experimental findings in the fields of electronics and communication engineering, including interdisciplinary areas like Advanced Computing, Pattern Recognition and Analysis, and Signal and Image Processing. The respective papers cover a broad range of principles, techniques and applications in microwave devices, communication and networking, signal and image processing, computations and mathematics, and control. The proceedings reflect the conference’s strong emphasis on methodological approaches, and focus on applications within the domain of Computational Advancement in Communication Circuits and Systems. They also address emerging technologies in electronics and communication, together with the latest practices, issues and trends.

Examines the optical properties of low-dimensional semiconductor structures, a hot research area - for graduate students and researchers.

This book explains the application of recent advances in computational intelligence – algorithms, design methodologies, and synthesis techniques – to the design of integrated circuits and systems. It highlights new biasing and sizing approaches and optimization techniques and their application to the design of high-performance digital, VLSI, radio-frequency, and mixed-signal circuits and systems. This second of two related volumes addresses digital and network designs and applications, with 12 chapters grouped into parts on digital circuit design, network optimization, and applications. It will be of interest to practitioners and researchers in computer science and electronics engineering engaged with the design of electronic circuits.