Power Generation Technologies for Low-Temperature and Distributed Heat

Power Generation Technologies for Low and Medium-Temperature Distributed Heat presents a systematic and detailed analysis of a wide range of power generation systems for low-temperature (lower than 700-800°C) and distributed heat recovery applications. Each technology presented is reviewed by a well-known specialist to provide the reader with an accurate, insightful and up-to-date understanding of the latest research and knowledge in the field. Technologies are introduced before the fundamental concepts and theoretical technical and economic aspects are discussed, as well as the practical performance expectations. Cutting edge technical progress, key applications, markets, as well as emerging and future trends are also provided, to provide a multifaceted and complete view of the most suitable technologies. Editor Christos Markides and his team of expert contributors provide a complete discussion on the power generation technologies for low-temperature and distributed heat which enables reader to compare the advantages and disadvantages in a well-informed and systematic way. A chapter on the various options for thermal and electrical energy storage is also included with practical examples, making this a valuable resource for engineers, researchers, policy makers and engineering students in the fields of thermal energy, distributed power generation systems and renewable and clean energy technology systems. Presents detailed characteristics of power generation systems based on thermomechanical cycles, membrane technology, thermochemical, thermoelectric, photoelectric and electrochemical effects Includes practical examples of all technologies discussed Details advantages and disadvantages to allow the reader to make informed decisions of their own

Power Generation Technologies for Low and Medium-Temperature Distributed Heat presents a systematic and detailed analysis of a wide range of power generation systems for low-temperature (lower than 700-800°C) and distributed heat recovery applications. Each technology presented is reviewed by a well-known specialist to provide the reader with an accurate, insightful and up-to-date understanding of the latest research and knowledge in the field. Technologies are introduced before the fundamental concepts and theoretical technical and economic aspects are discussed, as well as the practical performance expectations. Cutting edge technical progress, key applications, markets, as well as emerging and future trends are also provided, to provide a multifaceted and complete view of the most suitable technologies. Editor Christos Markides and his team of expert contributors provide a complete discussion on the power generation technologies for low-temperature and distributed heat which enables reader to compare the advantages and disadvantages in a well-informed and systematic way. A chapter on the various options for thermal and electrical energy storage is also included with practical examples, making this a valuable resource for engineers, researchers, policy makers and engineering students in the fields of thermal energy, distributed power generation systems and renewable and clean energy technology systems. Presents detailed characteristics of power generation systems based on thermomechanical cycles, membrane technology, thermochemical, thermoelectric, photoelectric and electrochemical effects Includes practical examples of all technologies discussed Details advantages and disadvantages to allow the reader to make informed decisions of their own

This book makes intelligible the wide range of electricity generating technologies available today, as well as some closely allied technologies such as energy storage. The book opens by setting the many power generation technologies in the context of global energy consumption, the development of the electricity generation industry and the economics involved in this sector. A series of chapters are each devoted to assessing the environmental and economic impact of a single technology, including conventional technologies, nuclear and renewable (such as solar, wind and hydropower). The technologies are presented in an easily digestible form. Different power generation technologies have different greenhouse gas emissions and the link between greenhouse gases and global warming is a highly topical environmental and political issue. With developed nations worldwide looking to reduce their emissions of carbon dioxide, it is becoming increasingly important to explore the effectiveness of a mix of energy generation technologies. Power Generation Technologies gives a clear, unbiased review and comparison of the different types of power generation technologies available. In the light of the Kyoto protocol and OSPAR updates, Power Generation Technologies will provide an invaluable reference text for power generation planners, facility managers, consultants, policy makers and economists, as well as students and lecturers of related Engineering courses. · Provides a unique comparison of a wide range of power generation technologies - conventional, nuclear and renewable · Describes the workings and environmental impact of each technology · Evaluates the economic viability of each different power generation system

In this new edition of Renewable Energy Systems, globally recognized renewable energy researcher and professor, Henrik Lund, sets forth a straightforward, comprehensive methodology for comparing different energy systems’ abilities to integrate fluctuating and intermittent renewable energy sources. The book does this by presenting an energy system analysis methodology. The book provides the results of more than fifteen comprehensive energy system analysis studies, examines the large-scale integration of renewable energy into the present system, and presents concrete design examples derived from a dozen renewable energy systems around the globe. Renewable Energy Systems, Second Edition also undertakes the socio-political realities governing the implementation of renewable energy systems by introducing a theoretical framework approach aimed at understanding how major technological changes, such as renewable energy, can be implemented at both the national and international levels. Provides an introduction to the technical design of renewable energy systems Demonstrates how to analyze the feasibility and efficiency of large-scale systems to help implementers avoid costly trial and error Addresses the socio-political challenge of implementing the shift to renewables Features a dozen extensive case studies from around the globe that provide real-world templates for new installations

Small-scale gas turbines, known as Microturbines, represent an exciting new development in gas turbine technology. They can run in size from small, human-scale machines down to micro-sized mini-machines that can barely be seen by the naked eye. They also run a great diversity of fuel types, from various types of commercial gases to waste-generated gases. This new book by industry expert Claire Soares will fully describe the various types of microturbines, their applications, and their particular requirements for installation, maintenance and repair. It will explain how a microturbine the size of a refrigerator can power an entire school, hospital or small factory, which is particularly useful for onsite, remote installations. The book will also show how microturbines can be paired with one or more fuel cells to form a hybrid energy source, or can be teamed with any source of distributed power, such as a mall hydro-turbine or a wind turbine. Moreover, the reader will learn how microturbines can run on a variety of fuels that are far cruder than those required by most standard gas turbines; they can be made to run, for instance, using gas from a landfill or biomass source. The reader will find detailed information on costs, specifications, and maintenance and repair guidelines. Ample references and resources will provide the reader with tools for finding manufacturers and product specifications for their own particular needs. Covers major categories of microturbines, including factors common to their design, installation, operation, optimization, maintenance, and repair Invaluable guidance on market factors and economics affecting microturbines and their applications, particularly for distributed power generation Provides current case studies showing microturbines used in hybrid systems with fuel cells and other types of power generation systems

Energy conversion technology has always been a main focus for researchers in order to meet the increasing demand as well as securing a clean, consistent and reliable energy supply. The constantly rising fuel price is another good reason to develop alternative systems such as wind turbines, hydropower, photovoltaic systems and other renewable energy solutions. This book contains a collection of selected research works in the areas of electric energy generation, renewable energy sources, hybrid system, electromechanical energy conversion, electric machines, power electronic converters and inverters, energy storage, smart grid and traditional energy conversion systems. The book intends to provide academic and industry professionals working in the field of energy conversion and related applications with an update in energy conversion technology, particularly from the applied perspective.

Distributed Renewable Energies for Off-Grid Communities: Empowering a Sustainable, Competitive, and Secure Twenty-First Century, Second Edition, is a fully revised reference on advances in achieving successful energy transition. Addressing the highly dynamic, complex and multidimensional process of a dominant socio-technical system transforming into another, this up-to-date reference addresses all stages of this complex process with data and figures to demonstrate how to tackle the process of changing a society's energy circumstance. This new edition provides an updated picture of renewables in communities and their use, covering energy concepts, strategies, prospects and combining all aspects to provide a roadmap to self-sustainable development. Addressing the influence of society on the development of renewable industry, this book provides guidelines with case studies, along with trends and innovative practices regarding renewable energy and their applications with a goal of successfully establishing smooth energy transitions in self-sustainable communities. Includes case studies that provide solutions for future decentralized energy supply problems Contains fully updated equations, data sections and figures for all energy technologies Shares a blueprint for the development of self-sustainable Integrated Renewable Communities

Conventional thermal power generating plants reject a large amount of energy every year. If this rejected heat were to be used through district heating networks, given prior energy valorisation, there would be a noticeable decrease in the amount of fossil fuels imported for heating. As a consequence, benefits would be experienced in the form of an increase in energy efficiency, an improvement in energy security, and a minimisation of emitted greenhouse gases. Given that heat demand is not expected to decrease significantly in the medium term, district heating networks show the greatest potential for the development of cogeneration. Due to their cost competitiveness, flexibility in terms of the ability to use renewable energy resources (such as geothermal or solar thermal) and fossil fuels (more specifically the residual heat from combustion), and the fact that, in some cases, losses to a country/region’s energy balance can be easily integrated into district heating networks (which would not be the case in a “fully electric” future), district heating (and cooling) networks and cogeneration could become a key element for a future with greater energy security, while being more sustainable, if appropriate measures were implemented. This book therefore seeks to propose an energy strategy for a number of cities/regions/countries by proposing appropriate measures supported by detailed case studies.

The demand for secure, affordable and clean energy is a priority call to humanity. Challenges associated with conventional energy resources, such as depletion of fossil fuels, high costs and associated greenhouse gas emissions, have stimulated interests in renewable energy resources. For instance, there have been clear gaps and rushed thoughts about replacing fossil-fuel driven engines with electric vehicles without long-term plans for energy security and recycling approaches. This book aims to provide a clear vision to scientists, industrialists and policy makers on renewable energy resources, predicted challenges and emerging applications. It can be used to help produce new technologies for sustainable, connected and harvested energy. A clear response to economic growth and clean environment demands is also illustrated.

Technology and Policy Options for a Low-Emission Energy System in Canada is an up-to-date, accessible review of options for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and moving Canada toward a low-emission future. It provides an overview of Canada’s energy system, an analysis of different energy sources and technologies, and an exploration of the public policies available to support a shift toward low-emission energy sources and technologies.

The book details sources of thermal energy, methods of capture, and applications. It describes the basics of thermal energy, including measuring thermal energy, laws of thermodynamics that govern its use and transformation, modes of thermal energy, conventional processes, devices and materials, and the methods by which it is transferred. It covers 8 sources of thermal energy: combustion, fusion (solar) fission (nuclear), geothermal, microwave, plasma, waste heat, and thermal energy storage. In each case, the methods of production and capture and its uses are described in detail. It also discusses novel processes and devices used to improve transfer and transformation processes.

Thermal Energy Storage is a collection of papers that tackles various areas of concerns in thermal energy storage. The materials in the text are primarily concerned with addressing issues regarding conservation, efficiency, and applicability of thermal energy storage. The coverage of the title includes the storage of high and low temperature thermal energy; heat transfer and thermal energy transport; and the impact of thermal energy storage on energy structures. The book will be of great interest to scientists, engineers, and technicians involved in the energy industry.

In order to promote the sustainable development of renewable energy and renewable-energy-driven technologies, Renewable-Energy-Driven Future: Technologies, Modelling, Applications, Sustainability and Policies provides a comprehensive view of the advanced renewable technologies and the benefits of utilizing renewable energy sources. Discussing the ways for promoting the sustainable development of renewable energy from the perspectives of technology, modelling, application, sustainability and policy, this book includes the advanced renewable-energy-driven technologies, the models for renewable energy planning and integration, the innovative applications of renewable energy sources, decision-support tools for sustainability assessment and ranking of renewable energy systems, and the regulations and policies of renewable energy. This book can benefit the researchers and experts of renewable energy by helping them to have a holistic view of renewable energy. It can also benefit the policymakers and decision-makers by helping them to make informed decisions. Presents the advanced renewable-energy-driven technologies and the innovative applications of renewable energy sources Develops the models for the efficient use of renewable energy, decision-making and the investigation of its climate and economic benefits Investigates the sustainability of renewable energy systems Features the regulations and policies of renewable energy

The book provides an in depth analyses of the experience and lessons in Chinese energy and emissions reductions policies in a climate change constrained scenario. As China emerges as the world second largest economy and first largest carbon emitter, the country is moving onto a low-carbon development path. Projections of medium and long term energy supply and demand scenarios are presented, based on variations on the energy supply structure, key energy consumption sectors and energy conservation policy innovation. Energy efficiency policies are evaluated based on lessons and experiences from case studies in different sectors, and policy innovations in terms of financial, legal and regulatory approaches to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions are proposed. The book includes the latest research findings of leading experts in energy policy and low-carbon economy from researchers, key think tanks and government officials in both China and the world.

The world is becoming increasingly electrified. For the foreseeable future, coal will continue to be the dominant fuel used for electric power production. The low cost and abundance of coal is one of the primary reasons for this. Electric power transmission, a process in the delivery of electricity to consumers, is the bulk transfer of electrical power. Typically, power transmission is between the power plant and a substation near a populated area. Electricity distribution is the delivery from the substation to the consumers. Due to the large amount of power involved, transmission normally takes place at high voltage (110 kV or above). Electricity is usually transmitted over long distance through overhead power transmission lines. Underground power transmission is used only in densely populated areas due to its high cost of installation and maintenance, and because the high reactive power gain produces large charging currents and difficulties in voltage management. A power transmission system is sometimes referred to colloquially as a "grid"; however, for reasons of economy, the network is rarely a true grid. Redundant paths and lines are provided so that power can be routed from any power plant to any load centre, through a variety of routes, based on the economics of the transmission path and the cost of power. Much analysis is done by transmission companies to determine the maximum reliable capacity of each line, which, due to system stability considerations, may be less than the physical or thermal limit of the line. Deregulation of electricity companies in many countries has led to renewed interest in reliable economic design of transmission networks. This new book presents leading-edge research on electric power and its generation, transmission and efficiency.

This book presents a very useful and readable collection of chapters in nanotechnologies for energy conversion, storage, and utilization, offering new results which are sure to be of interest to researchers, students, and engineers in the field of nanotechnologies and energy. Readers will find energy systems and nanotechnology very useful in many ways such as generation of energy policy, waste management, nanofluid preparation and numerical modelling, energy storage, and many other energy-related areas. It is also useful as reference book for many energy and nanofluid-related courses being taken up by graduate and undergraduate students. In particular, this book provides insights into various forms of renewable energy, such as biogas, solar energy, photovoltaic, solar cells, and solar thermal energy storage. Also, it deals with the CFD simulations of various aspects of nanofluids/hybrid nanofluids.