Photonics

This textbook employs a pedagogical approach that facilitates access to the fundamentals of Quantum Photonics. It contains an introductory description of the quantum properties of photons through the second quantization of the electromagnetic field, introducing stimulated and spontaneous emission of photons at the quantum level. Schrödinger’s equation is used to describe the behavior of electrons in a one-dimensional potential. Tunneling through a barrier is used to introduce the concept of nonlocality of an electron at the quantum level, which is closely-related to quantum confinement tunneling, resonant tunneling, and the origin of energy bands in both periodic (crystalline) and aperiodic (non-crystalline) materials. Introducing the concepts of reciprocal space, Brillouin zones, and Bloch’s theorem, the determination of electronic band structure using the pseudopotential method is presented, allowing direct computation of the band structures of most group IV, group III-V, and group II-VI semiconductors. The text is supported by numerous numerical calculations that can be repeated by the student. The book includes an extensive treatment of the time duration of tunneling. The non-local nature of quantum mechanical states is further developed by the proof of Bell’s theorem and an in-depth discussion of its implications for experimental phenomena like quantum tunneling and quantum entanglement. The entangled quantum photon pair is the workhorse for exploring the fundamental non-locality of quantum mechanics, as well as important applications such as quantum cryptography. Further, the book presents the generation of entangled photon pairs by spontaneous parametric downconversion in detail using operators of the quantized photonic field. The physics of laser action is presented using the quantum photonic basis of spontaneous and stimulated emission, highlighting the limits of Maxwell’s equations in describing quantum behavior. Further, the book shows how the quantum confinement of electrons leads to reduced threshold current on the macroscopic level. Quantum cascade and interband cascade laser structures are analyzed using methods developed in earlier chapters to show how band structure engineering can be applied to access photon emission energies that cannot be achieved using conventional materials.

An introduction to photonics and lasers that does not rely oncomplex mathematics This book evolved from a series of courses developed by the authorand taught in the areas of lasers and photonics. This thoroughlyclassroom-tested work fills a unique need for students,instructors, and industry professionals in search of anintroductory-level book that covers a wide range of topics in theseareas. Comparable books tend to be aimed either too high or toolow, or they cover only a portion of the topics that are needed fora comprehensive treatment. Photonics and Lasers is divided into four parts: * Propagation of Light * Generation and Detection of Light * Laser Light * Light-Based Communication The author has ensured that complex mathematics does not become anobstacle to understanding key physical concepts. Physical argumentsand explanations are clearly set forth while, at the same time,sufficient mathematical detail is provided for a quantitativeunderstanding. As an additional aid to readers who are learning tothink symbolically, some equations are expressed in words as wellas symbols. Problem sets are provided throughout the book for readers to testtheir knowledge and grasp of key concepts. A solutions manual isalso available for instructors. Finally, the detailed bibliographyleads readers to in-depth explorations of particular topics. The book's topics, lasers and photonics, are often treatedseparately in other texts; however, the author skillfullydemonstrates their natural synergy. Because of the combinedcoverage, this text can be used for a two-semester course or aone-semester course emphasizing either lasers or photonics. This isa perfect introductory textbook for both undergraduate and graduatestudents, additionally serving as a practical reference forengineers in telecommunications, optics, and laser electronics.

This fourth book in the series Silicon Photonics gathers together reviews of recent advances in the field of silicon photonics that go beyond already established and applied concepts in this technology. The field of research and development in silicon photonics has moved beyond improvements of integrated circuits fabricated with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology to applications in engineering, physics, chemistry, materials science, biology, and medicine. The chapters provided in this book by experts in their fields thus cover not only new research into the highly desired goal of light production in Group IV materials, but also new measurement regimes and novel technologies, particularly in information processing and telecommunication. The book is suited for graduate students, established scientists, and research engineers who want to update their knowledge in these new topics.

Shows how nonlinear phenomena play a more and more important role for everybody using the laser "as a tool," making it unique in this respect. Provides a basic knowledge of modern lasers, as well as the principles of nonlinear optical spectroscopy (and an exhaustive list of 4000 references) From first-edition reviews: "Almost a handbook, reviewing in a single author's voice the basic properties of light and its linear and nonlinear interactions with matter, both in the absence and in the presence of absorption." Physics Today

This book provides a comprehensive introduction into photonics, from the electrodynamic and quantum mechanic fundamentals to the level of photonic components and building blocks such as lasers, amplifiers, modulators, waveguides, and detectors.The book will serve both as textbook and as a reference work for the advanced student or scientist. Theoretical results are derived from basic principles with convenient, yet state-of-the-art mathematical tools, providing not only deeper understanding but also familiarization with formalisms used in the relevant technical literature and research articles. Among the subject matters treated are polarization optics, pulse and beam propagation, waveguides, light–matter interaction, stationary and transient behavior of lasers, semiconductor optics and lasers (including low-dimensional systems such as quantum wells), detector technology, photometry, and colorimetry. Nonlinear optics are elaborated comprehensively.The book is intended for both students of physics and electronics and scientists and engineers in fields such as laser technology, optical communications, laser materials processing, and medical laser applications who wish to gain an in-depth understanding of photonics.

In recent years, photonics has found increasing applications in such areas as communications, signal processing, computing, sensing, display, printing, and energy transport. Now, Fundamentals of Photonics is the first self-contained introductory-level textbook to offer a thorough survey of this rapidly expanding area of engineering and applied physics. Featuring a logical blend of theory and applications, coverage includes detailed accounts of the primary theories of light, including ray optics, wave optics, electromagnetic optics, and photon optics, as well as the interaction of light with matter, and the theory of semiconductor materials and their optical properties. Presented at increasing levels of complexity, these sections serve as building blocks for the treatment of more advanced topics, such as Fourier optics and holography, guidedwave and fiber optics, photon sources and detectors, electro-optic and acousto-optic devices, nonlinear optical devices, fiber-optic communications, and photonic switching and computing. Included are such vital topics as: Generation of coherent light by lasers, and incoherent light by luminescence sources such as light-emitting diodes Transmission of light through optical components (lenses, apertures, and imaging systems), waveguides, and fibers Modulation, switching, and scanning of light through the use of electrically, acoustically, and optically controlled devices Amplification and frequency conversion of light by the use of wave interactions in nonlinear materials Detection of light by means of semiconductor photodetectors Each chapter contains summaries, highlighted equations, problem sets and exercises, and selected reading lists. Examples of real systems are included to emphasize the concepts governing applications of current interest, and appendices summarize the properties of one- and two-dimensional Fourier transforms, linear-systems theory, and modes of linear systems. An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department.

This book brings together reviews by internationally renowed experts on quantum optics and photonics. It describes novel experiments at the limit of single photons, and presents advances in this emerging research area. It also includes reprints and historical descriptions of some of the first pioneering experiments at a single-photon level and nonlinear optics, performed before the inception of lasers and modern light detectors, often with the human eye serving as a single-photon detector. The book comprises 19 chapters, 10 of which describe modern quantum photonics results, including single-photon sources, direct measurement of the photon's spatial wave function, nonlinear interactions and non-classical light, nanophotonics for room-temperature single-photon sources, time-multiplexed methods for optical quantum information processing, the role of photon statistics in visual perception, light-by-light coherent control using metamaterials, nonlinear nanoplasmonics, nonlinear polarization optics, and ultrafast nonlinear optics in the mid-infrared.

This hands-on introduction to silicon photonics engineering equips students with everything they need to begin creating foundry-ready designs.

From the beginning Integrated Photonics introduces numerical techniques for studying non-analytic structures. Most chapters have numerical problems designed for solution using a computational program such as Matlab or Mathematica. An entire chapter is devoted to one of the numeric simulation techniques being used in optoelectronic design (the Beam Propagation Method), and provides opportunity for students to explore some novel optical structures without too much effort. Small pieces of code are supplied where appropriate to get the reader started on the numeric work. Integrated Photonics is designed for the senior/first year graduate student, and requires a basic familiarity with electromagnetic waves, and the ability to solve differential equations with boundary conditions.

A concise, accessible guide explaining the essential ideas underlying photonics and how they relate to photonic devices and systems.

Fundamentals of Photonics A complete, thoroughly updated, full-color third edition Fundamentals of Photonics, Third Edition is a self-contained and up-to-date introductory-level textbook that thoroughly surveys this rapidly expanding area of engineering and applied physics. Featuring a blend of theory and applications, coverage includes detailed accounts of the primary theories of light, including ray optics, wave optics, electromagnetic optics, and photon optics, as well as the interaction of light and matter. Presented at increasing levels of complexity, preliminary sections build toward more advanced topics, such as Fourier optics and holography, photonic-crystal optics, guided-wave and fiber optics, LEDs and lasers, acousto-optic and electro-optic devices, nonlinear optical devices, ultrafast optics, optical interconnects and switches, and optical fiber communications. The third edition features an entirely new chapter on the optics of metals and plasmonic devices. Each chapter contains highlighted equations, exercises, problems, summaries, and selected reading lists. Examples of real systems are included to emphasize the concepts governing applications of current interest. Each of the twenty-four chapters of the second edition has been thoroughly updated.

A comprehensive resource to designing and constructing analog photonic links capable of high RF performance Fundamentals of Microwave Photonics provides a comprehensive description of analog optical links from basic principles to applications. The book is organized into four parts. The first begins with a historical perspective of microwave photonics, listing the advantages of fiber optic links and delineating analog vs. digital links. The second section covers basic principles associated with microwave photonics in both the RF and optical domains. The third focuses on analog modulation formats—starting with a concept, deriving the RF performance metrics from basic physical models, and then analyzing issues specific to each format. The final part examines applications of microwave photonics, including analog receive-mode systems, high-power photodiodes applications, radio astronomy, and arbitrary waveform generation. Covers fundamental concepts including basic treatments of noise, sources of distortion and propagation effects Provides design equations in easy-to-use forms as quick reference Examines analog photonic link architectures along with their application to RF systems A thorough treatment of microwave photonics, Fundamentals of Microwave Photonics will be an essential resource in the laboratory, field, or during design meetings. The authors have more than 55 years of combined professional experience in microwave photonics and have published more than 250 associated works.

Photonic circuitry is the first-choice technological advancement recognized by the telecommunications industry. Due to the speed, strength, and clarity of signal, photonic circuits are rapidly replacing electronic circuits in a range of applications. Applied Photonics is a state-of-the-art reference book that describes the fundamental physical concept of photonics and examines the most current information available in the photonics field. Cutting-edge developments in semiconductors, optical switches, and solitons are presented in a readable and easily understandable style, making this volume accessible, if not essential, reading for practicing engineers and scientists. Introduces the concept of nonlinear interaction of photons with matters, photons, and phonons Covers recent developments of semiconductor lasers and detectors in the communications field Discusses the development of nonlinear devices, including optical amplifiers, solitons, and phase conjugators, as well as the development of photonic components, switches, interconnects, and image processing devices

This extended and revised edition will serve as a concise, self-contained, up-to-date introduction to Photonics for undergraduate students. It can also be used as a primer by researchers and professionals who start working in the field. Blending theory with technical descriptions, the book covers a wide range of topics, including the general mechanism of laser action, continuous and pulsed laser operation, optical propagation in isotropic and anisotropic media, operating principles and structure of passive optical components, electro-optic and acousto-optic modulation, solid-state lasers, semiconductor lasers and LEDs, nonlinear optical phenomena, and optical fiber components and devices. The book concludes with an overview of applications, including optical communications, telemetry and sensing, industrial and biomedical applications, solid-state lighting, displays, and photovoltaics. This second edition includes a set of problems at the end of all but the last chapter. These problems deal with numerical computations designed to illustrate the magnitudes of important quantities and are also intended to test the student’s ability to apply theoretical formulas.

Silicon photonics uses chip-making techniques to fabricate photonic circuits. The emerging technology is coming to market at a time of momentous change. The need of the Internet content providers to keep scaling their data centers is becoming increasing challenging, the chip industry is facing a future without Moore’s law, while telcos must contend with a looming capacity crunch due to continual traffic growth. Each of these developments is significant in its own right. Collectively, they require new thinking in the design of chips, optical components, and systems. Such change also signals new business opportunities and disruption. Notwithstanding challenges, silicon photonics’ emergence is timely because it is the future of several industries. For the optical industry, the technology will allow designs to be tackled in new ways. For the chip industry, silicon photonics will become the way of scaling post-Moore’s law. New system architectures enabled by silicon photonics will improve large-scale computing and optical communications. Silicon Photonics: Fueling the Next Information Revolution outlines the history and status of silicon photonics. The book discusses the trends driving the datacom and telecom industries, the main but not the only markets for silicon photonics. In particular, developments in optical transport and the data center are discussed as are the challenges. The book details the many roles silicon photonics will play, from wide area networks down to the chip level. Silicon photonics is set to change the optical components and chip industries; this book explains how. Captures the latest research assessing silicon photonics development and prospects Demonstrates how silicon photonics addresses the challenges of managing bandwidth over distance and within systems Explores potential applications of SiP, including servers, datacenters, and Internet of Things

Photonics, a volume in the Interface Transmission Tutorial Book series, describes the science of photonic transmission properties of the interfaces of composite materials systems and devices. The book's authors review the general analysis methods of interface transmission, give many examples, and apply these methods to photonic applications. Applications discussed include photonic crystals, materials, devices and circuits. Offers a unique approach on photonics from the interfacial transmission point-of-view Reviews the interface transmission properties of composite materials for photonics applications Authored by world-leading experts on interface transmission

The development of integrated silicon photonic circuits has recently been driven by the Internet and the push for high bandwidth as well as the need to reduce power dissipation induced by high data-rate signal transmission. To reach these goals, efficient passive and active silicon photonic devices, including waveguide, modulators, photodetectors, multiplexers, light sources, and various subsystems, have been developed that take advantage of state-of-the-art silicon technology. Suitable for both specialists and newcomers, Handbook of Silicon Photonics presents a coherent and comprehensive overview of this field from the fundamentals to integrated systems and applications. It covers a broad spectrum of materials and applications, emphasizing passive and active photonic devices, fabrication, integration, and the convergence with CMOS technology. The book’s self-contained chapters are written by international experts from academia and various photonics-related industries. The handbook starts with the basics of silicon as an optical material. It then describes the building blocks needed to drive integrated silicon photonic circuits and explains how these building blocks are incorporated in complex photonic/electronic circuits. The book also presents applications of silicon photonics in numerous fields, including biophotonics and photovoltaics. With many illustrations, including some in color, this handbook provides an up-to-date reference to the broad and rapidly changing area of silicon photonics. It shows how basic science and innovative technological applications are pushing the field forward.

The most up-to-date book available on the physics of photonic devices This new edition of Physics of Photonic Devices incorporates significant advancements in the field of photonics that have occurred since publication of the first edition (Physics of Optoelectronic Devices). New topics covered include a brief history of the invention of semiconductor lasers, the Lorentz dipole method and metal plasmas, matrix optics, surface plasma waveguides, optical ring resonators, integrated electroabsorption modulator-lasers, and solar cells. It also introduces exciting new fields of research such as: surface plasmonics and micro-ring resonators; the theory of optical gain and absorption in quantum dots and quantum wires and their applications in semiconductor lasers; and novel microcavity and photonic crystal lasers, quantum-cascade lasers, and GaN blue-green lasers within the context of advanced semiconductor lasers. Physics of Photonic Devices, Second Edition presents novel information that is not yet available in book form elsewhere. Many problem sets have been updated, the answers to which are available in an all-new Solutions Manual for instructors. Comprehensive, timely, and practical, Physics of Photonic Devices is an invaluable textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in photonics and an indispensable tool for researchers working in this rapidly growing field.

Nonlinear photonics is the name given to the use of nonlinear optical devices for the generation, communication, processing, or analysis of information. This book is a progress report on research into practical applications of such devices. At present, modulation, switching, routing, decision-making, and detection in photonic systems are all done with electronics and linear optoelectronic devices. However, this may soon change, as nonlinear optical devices, e.g. picosecond samplers and switches, begin to complement optoelectonic devices. The authors succinctly summarize past accomplishments in this field and point to hopes for the future, making this an ideal book for newcomers or seasoned researchers wanting to design and perfect nonlinear optical devices and to identify applications in photonic systems.

Designed for senior undergraduate/first year graduate students in electrical engineering departments, this text covers key subjects in optical electronics and their applications in modern optical communications where optical waves are used as carriers of information.