Tip Enhancement

This book discusses the recent advances in the area of near-field Raman scattering, mainly focusing on tip-enhanced and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Some of the key features covered here are the optical structuring and manipulations, single molecule sensitivity, analysis of single-walled carbon nanotubes, and analytic applications in chemistry, biology and material sciences. This book also discusses the plasmonic materials for better enhancement, and optical antennas. Further, near-field microscopy based on second harmonic generation is also discussed. Chapters have been written by some of the leading scientists in this field, who present some of their recent work in this field. ·Near-field Raman scattering ·Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ·Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ·Nano-photonics ·Nanoanalysis of Physical, chemical and biological materials beyond the diffraction limits ·Single molecule detection

This dissertation focuses on the application of Tip-Enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) to non-transparent and non-conductive samples, allowing for the optical characterization of nanoelectronic devices. As such, nano-crystals are analyzed as a model system for the investigation of chemical and structural properties. Furthermore, a novel method for mapping the refractive index of materials with nanometer resolution is presented. The technological progress of electronics through miniaturization has reached the nanoscale while new materials with high performance and functional properties gain importance. Quality control and the scientific understanding of size effects in electronic nanostructures are required more than ever to consolidate existing technologies and to determine scaling limits of new materials. Conventional techniques, including scanning electron and scanning probe microscopy, provide topographic information but only very limited chemical information to analyze the physical properties of nanomaterials. Chemical and structural sensitivity is available by Raman or infrared spectroscopy, but with a spatial resolution limited to the microscale by the diffraction limit of light. TERS combines the virtues of scanning probe microscopy with those of optical spectroscopy to overcome the diffraction limit through the excitation of surface plasmons on a scanning probe tip to confine light to nanometers. In this work, a TERS system was installed to operate on opaque samples by employing optical side access. TERS probes were fabricated by electrochemical etching and operated in scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy with quartz tuning forks to enable scanning on various surfaces. TERS was then applied to ferroelectric lead titanate nano-crystals on a platinized silicon substrate as a model system for nanostructured, charge-based memory devices at the onset of finite size effects.

SERS was discovered in the 1970s and has since grown enormously in breadth, depth, and understanding. One of the major characteristics of SERS is its interdisciplinary nature: it lies at the boundary between physics, chemistry, colloid science, plasmonics, nanotechnology, and biology. By their very nature, it is impossible to find a textbook that will summarize the principles needed for SERS of these rather dissimilar and disconnected topics. Although a basic understanding of these topics is necessary for research projects in SERS with all its many aspects and applications, they are seldom touched upon as a coherent unit during most undergraduate studies in physics or chemistry. This book intends to fill this existing gap in the literature. It provides an overview of the underlying principles of SERS, from the fundamental understanding of the effect to its potential applications. It is aimed primarily at newcomers to the field, graduate students, researchers or scientists, attracted by the many applications of SERS and plasmonics or its basic science. The emphasis is on concepts and background material for SERS, such as Raman spectroscopy, the physics of plasmons, or colloid science, all of them introduced within the context of SERS, and from where the more specialized literature can be followed. Represents one of very few books fully dedicated to the topic of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) Gives a comprehensive summary of the underlying physical concepts around SERS Provides a detailed analysis of plasmons and plasmonics

This handbook seeks to provide practical, realistic suggestions about how quality can be measured, maintained and improved in institutions. It is addressed to a cross-section of staff who make up colleges and universities, not just those responsible for quality audit.

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Laser-Based Nano Fabrication and Nano Lithography" that was published in Nanomaterials

With the increasing demand for smaller, faster, and more highly integrated optical and electronic devices, as well as extremely sensitive detectors for biomedical and environmental applications, a field called nano-optics or nano-photonics/electronics is emerging – studying the many promising optical properties of nanostructures. Like nanotechnology itself, it is a rapidly evolving and changing field – but because of strong research activity in optical communication and related devices, combined with the intensive work on nanotechnology, nano-optics is shaping up fast to be a field with a promising future. This book serves as a one-stop review of modern nano-optical/photonic and nano-electronic techniques, applications, and developments. Provides overview of the field of Nano-optics/photonics and electronics, detailing practical examples of photonic technology in a wide range of applications Discusses photonic systems and devices with mathematical rigor precise enough for design purposes A one-stop review of modern nano-optical/photonic and nano-electronic techniques, applications, and developments.

Raman Spectroscopy and its Application in Nanostructures is an original and timely contribution to a very active area of physics and materials science research. This book presents the theoretical and experimental phenomena of Raman spectroscopy, with specialized discussions on the physical fundamentals, new developments and main features in low-dimensional systems of Raman spectroscopy. In recent years physicists, materials scientists and chemists have devoted increasing attention to low-dimensional systems and as Raman spectroscopy can be used to study and analyse such materials as carbon nanotubes, quantum wells, silicon nanowires, etc., it is fast becoming one of the most powerful and sensitive experimental techniques to characterize the qualities of such nanostructures. Recent scientific and technological developments have resulted in the applications of Raman spectroscopy to expand. These developments are vital in providing information for a very broad field of applications: for example in microelectronics, biology, forensics and archaeology. Thus, this book not only introduces these important new branches of Raman spectroscopy from both a theoretical and practical view point, but the resulting effects are fully explored and relevant representative models of Raman spectra are described in-depth with the inclusion of theoretical calculations, when appropriate.

The exceptional mechanical, optical, surface and biocompatibility properties of nanodiamond have gained it much interest. Exhibiting the outstanding bulk properties of diamond at the nanoscale in the form of a film or small particle makes it an inexpensive alternative for many applications. Nanodiamond is the first comprehensive book on the subject. The book reviews the state of the art of nanodiamond films and particles covering the fundamentals of growth, purification and spectroscopy and some of its diverse applications such as MEMS, drug delivery and biomarkers and biosensing. Specific chapters include the theory of nanodiamond, diamond nucleation, low temperature growth, diamond nanowires, electrochemistry of nanodiamond, nanodiamond flexible implants, and cell labelling with nanodiamond particles. Edited by a leading expert in nanodiamonds, this is the perfect resource for those new to, and active in, nanodiamond research and those interested in its applications.

This book concentrates on the various fields related to the development of a nanobiosensor and presents the latest information from renowned experts. It focuses on the enhanced spectroscopy, including SERS, SEIRA/SEIRS, and near-field optics, and the related physical processes (optical properties of metallic nanoparticles, plasmon resonance, field enhancement, etc.). Some applications in the biological and medical field are presented to show the potential of such techniques as sensors if combined with functionalization.

This book provides a basic understanding of the emerging multidisciplinary area of nanoscience and nanomaterials being offered as core subjects both in basic sciences and engineering disciplines at graduate and postgraduate levels. The subject matter of the book is designed to generate a clear understanding on various aspects of nanoscience from fundamentals to technological applications along with the exhaustive account of nanomaterials classified in a very appropriate manner. Book includes a balanced view on the physics to understand the origin of unique properties of nanomaterials and well tested synthetic techniques including simple chemical and physical routes illustrated with examples. Special emphasis is given on the characterization techniques for nanomaterials in terms of spectroscopy, scattering phenomena and microscopy including their principle, methodology and data interpretation illustrated with examples. I order to drive on the significance of nanoscience and nanomaterials; impact of nanotechnology in diverse area such as health care, environment protection, agriculture, energy, security has been dealt separately. The historical perspective as well existence of nanomaterials in nature both in living and nonliving species has also been discussed in the beginning. It is hoped that the book will prove to be student centric at all levels, from different disciplines to understand the revolutionary as well as evolutionary field of nanoscience. Further, book will also be a valuable resource for professionals, researchers and others interested to gain understanding of the principles of nanoscience and benefits of nanomaterials in developing newer technology.

The manipulation of light at the nanometer scale is highly pursued for both fundamental sciences and wide applications. The diffraction limit of light sets the limit for the smallest size of photonic devices to the scale of light wavelength. Fortunately, the peculiar properties of surface plasmons in metal nanostructures make it possible to squeeze light into nanoscale volumes and enable the manipulation of light and light–matter interactions beyond the diffraction limit. Studies on surface plasmons have led to the creation of a booming research field called plasmonics. Because of its various scientific and practical applications, plasmonics attracts researchers from different fields, making it a truly interdisciplinary subject. Nanophotonics: Manipulating Light with Plasmons starts with the general physics of surface plasmons and a brief introduction to the most prominent research topics, followed by a discussion of computational techniques for light scattering by small particles. Then, a few special topics are highlighted, including surfaceenhanced Raman scattering, optical nanoantennas, optical forces, plasmonic waveguides and circuits, and gain-assisted plasmon resonances and propagation. The book discusses the fundamental and representative properties of both localized surface plasmons and propagating surface plasmons. It explains various phenomena and mechanisms using elegant model systems with well-defined structures, is illustrated throughout with excellent figures, and contains an extensive list of references at the end of each chapter. It will help graduate-level students and researchers in nanophotonics, physics, chemistry, materials science, nanoscience and nanotechnology, and electrical and electronic engineering get a quick introduction to this field.

Nanomaterials Characterization Techniques, Volume Two, part of an ongoing series, offers a detailed analysis of the different types of spectroscopic methods currently being used in nanocharacterization. These include, for example, the Raman spectroscopic method for the characterization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This book outlines the different kinds of spectroscopic tools being used for the characterization of nanomaterials and discusses under what conditions each should be used. The book is intended to cover all the major spectroscopic techniques for nanocharacterization, making it an important resource for both the academic community at the research level and the industrial community involved in nanomanufacturing. Explores how spectroscopy and X-ray-based nanocharacterization techniques are applied in modern industry Analyzes all the major spectroscopy and X-ray-based nanocharacterization techniques, allowing the reader to choose the best for their situation Presents a method-orientated approach that explains how to successfully use each technique

The PUILS series delivers reviews of progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science, an emerging field. This sixth volume covers a broad range of topics from this interdisciplinary research field to provide a state-of-the-art report of short time Laser physics.

Considered a major field of photonics, plasmonics offers the potential to confine and guide light below the diffraction limit and promises a new generation of highly miniaturized photonic devices. This book combines a comprehensive introduction with an extensive overview of the current state of the art. Coverage includes plasmon waveguides, cavities for field-enhancement, nonlinear processes and the emerging field of active plasmonics studying interactions of surface plasmons with active media.

Catalysis will be of interest to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications.

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) might be one of the most impressive effects to demonstrate the power of plasmonic approaches in spectroscopy and became one of the "triggers" for the rapidly emerging field of plasmonics. This book provides a review of some recent developments in SERS, such as tip enhanced Raman scattering (TERS), reports new experimental observations, sophisticated new SERS-active structures and substrates, new theoretical insight to explain the effect as well as exciting applications in various fields such as analytical science, biomedicine and nanotechnology. Written for graduate students and established researchers looking for inspiration for future work, its interdisciplinary nature makes the book suitable for readers in the fields of chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, nanotechnology and materials science. Contents: Nanoplasmonics Fundamentals and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering as a Physical Phenomenon (Mark I Stockman)Frontiers in Electromagnetic Mechanism Of SERS (Tamitake Itoh)Plasmon-Supported Two-Photon Excited Vibrational Sensing and Imaging (Janina Kneipp and Katrin Kneipp)Plasmonically Enhanced Elastic and Inelastic Light Scattering for Real-Time Study of Molecular Cell Functions (Sajanlal R Panikkanvalappil and Mostafa A El-Sayed)Deep-Ultraviolet Surface- and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (Atsushi Taguchi)Lithographically Prepared SERS-Active Substrates with Well-Defined Gaps Below 1nm (Kenneth Crozier and Wenqi Zhu)Hierarchical Porous Plasmonic Nanostructures as New SERS Substrates with Ultra-High Reproducibility and Sensitivity (Dang Yuan Lei)Shell-Isolated Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (Jian-Feng Li, Rajapandiyan Panneerselvam and Zhong-Qun Tian)Ultra-High Vacuum Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (Naihao Chiang, Guillaume Goubert, Eric A Pozzi, Michael O McAnally, Craig Chapman, Nan Jiang, George C Schatz and Richard P Van Duyne)Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Surface and Interface Analysis (Jin-Hui Zhong, Xiang Wang, Teng-Xiang Huang, Sheng-Chao Huang and Bin Ren)Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering in Liquid/Solution (Prompong Pienpinijtham and Yukihiro Ozaki)Tip-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Nanocarbons (Sanpon Vantasin, Yoshito Okuno, Yuika Saito and Yukihiro Ozaki)Chemical Identification by Sub-Nanometer Resolved Single-Molecule Raman Scattering (Yao Zhang, Yang Zhang, Zhenchao Dong and Jianguo Hou)SERS Theory: The Chemical Effect of Rhodamine 6G Adsorption on Silver Surfaces on Its Raman Spectrum (Lindsey R Madison, Mark A Ratner and George C Schatz)Graphene-Enhanced Raman Scattering (GERS): Chemical Effect (Xi Ling, Shengxi Huang, Jing Kong and Mildred Dresselhaus)Charge-Transfer-Induced Enhancement of Raman Scattering Based on Semiconductors (Wei Ji, Xiao Xia Han and Bing Zhao) Readership: Graduate students and established researchers looking for inspiration for future work in the fields of chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, nanotechnology and materials science. Keywords: Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering;SERS;Analytical Chemistry;Spectroscopy;Plasmon-Supported Raman SpectroscopyReview:0

The Handbook of Photonics for Biomedical Science analyzes achievements, new trends, and perspectives of photonics in its application to biomedicine. With contributions from world-renowned experts in the field, the handbook describes advanced biophotonics methods and techniques intensively developed in recent years. Addressing the latest problems in biomedical optics and biophotonics, the book discusses optical and terahertz spectroscopy and imaging methods for biomedical diagnostics based on the interaction of coherent, polarized, and acoustically modulated radiation with tissues and cells. It covers modalities of nonlinear spectroscopic microscopies, photonic technologies for therapy and surgery, and nanoparticle photonic technologies for cancer treatment and UV radiation protection. The text also elucidates the advanced spectroscopy and imaging of normal and pathological tissues. This comprehensive handbook represents the next step in contemporary biophotonics advances. By collecting recently published information scattered in the literature, the book enables researchers, engineers, and medical doctors to become familiar with major, state-of-the-art results in biophotonics science and technology.