Microgrids And Methods Of Analysis

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resource (DER), distributed generation (DG) and energy storage system (ESS) units in distribution grids leads to the emergence of the concepts of active distribution networks (ADNs), microgrids, and virtual power plants. Nowadays, the use of electronically-coupled distributed energy resources is of great interest that can provide the power of demand side alone or in a small electricity grid. A microgrid is a small-scale power grid in low voltage network that must be able to locally solve energy issues and enhance the flexibility and can operate either in grid-connected or islanded/autonomous mode of operation. To study them, researchers need an appropriate set of methods, software tools, analogous to those exist for large interconnected power systems. The book Microgrids and Methods of Analysis addresses systematic analysis, control/protection systems design, and optimal operation of a distribution system under high penetration of DERs analogous to those that exist for large interconnected power systems. Provides professional guidlines for system planners Explores further research, development, and optimization of existing and new microgrids Addresses analytical methods used for microgrid analysis using advanced research

Microgrids: Modeling, Control, and Applications presents a systematic elaboration of different types of microgrids, with a particular focus on new trends and applications. The book includes sections on AC, DC and hybrid AC/DC microgrids and reflects state-of-the-art developments, covering theory, algorithms, simulations, error and uncertainty analysis, as well as novel applications of new control techniques. Offering a valuable resource for students and researchers working on the integration of renewable energy with existing grid and control of microgrids, this book combines recent advances and ongoing research into a single informative resource. The book highlights recent findings while also analyzing modelling and control, thus making it a solid reference for researchers as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students. Covers different types of microgrids and their architecture and control in a single book Includes original, state-of-the-art research contributions by international experts Features global case studies for better understanding and real-life examples

Distributed Energy Resources in Microgrids: Integration, Challenges and Optimization unifies classically unconnected aspects of microgrids by considering them alongside economic analysis and stability testing. In addition, the book presents well-founded mathematical analyses on how to technically and economically optimize microgrids via distributed energy resource integration. Researchers and engineers in the power and energy sector will find this information useful for combined scientific and economical approaches to microgrid integration. Specific sections cover microgrid performance, including key technical elements, such as control design, stability analysis, power quality, reliability and resiliency in microgrid operation. Addresses the challenges related to the integration of renewable energy resources Includes examples of control algorithms adopted during integration Presents detailed methods of optimization to enhance successful integration

This book provides a comprehensive overview on the latest developments in the control, operation, and protection of microgrids. It provides readers with a solid approach to analyzing and understanding the salient features of modern control and operation management techniques applied to these systems, and presents practical methods with examples and case studies from actual and modeled microgrids. The book also discusses emerging concepts, key drivers and new players in microgrids, and local energy markets while addressing various aspects from day-ahead scheduling to real-time testing of microgrids. The book will be a valuable resource for researchers who are focused on control concepts, AC, DC, and AC/DC microgrids, as well as those working in the related areas of energy engineering, operations research and its applications to energy systems. Presents modern operation, control and protection techniques with applications to real world and emulated microgrids; Discusses emerging concepts, key drivers and new players in microgrids and local energy markets; Addresses various aspects from day-ahead scheduling to real-time testing of microgrids.

The book focuses on the transient modelling, stability analysis and control of power electronic systems, since these systems face severe safe operation problems the during transient period. It discusses both theoretical analysis and practical applications, highlighting the transient characteristics of converters with different control strategies, and proposes transient modelling and model reduction methods. Furthermore, it classifies the transient stability problems of the system to help the readers gain an understanding of the basic theoretical methods for analysing the power electronic system, at the same time providing sufficient detail to enable engineers to design such systems. Comprehensively describing theoretical analyses, ranging from system modelling and stability analysis to transient control, the book is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers and graduate students in fields of transient modelling, stability analysis and control of power electronic systems.

Energy Management System (EMS) applications of modern power networks like microgrids have to respond to a number of stringent challenges due to current energy revolution. Optimal resource dispatch tasks must be handled with specific regard to the addition of new resource types and the adoption of novel modeling considerations. In addition, due to the comprehensive changes concerning the multi cell grid structure, new policies should be fulfilled via microgrids’ EMS. At the same time achieving a variety of conflicting goals in different microgrids requires a universal and a multi criteria optimization tool. In this work two dispatch-optimizers based on genetic algorithm and mixed integer linear programming for a centralized EMS are introduced which can schedule the unit commitment and economic dispatch of microgrid units. In the proposed methods, different network restrictions like voltages and equipment loadings and unit constraints have been considered.

The management of global warming is a relevant issue throughout the world and has experts of various fields considering various methods to control Earth’s atmospheric temperature. While microgrid technology is emerging as the next generation energy supply system, renewable energy is often unstable and requires the support of conventional energy equipment. Optimum Design of Renewable Energy Systems: Microgrid and Nature Grid Methods investigates the development of highly efficient energy storage equipment and of operation optimization technology of compound energy systems. This book is an essential reference source for technical consultants, urban environment engineers, and energy researchers interested in the development of efficient energy systems and operation optimization technology.

This book presents intuitive explanations of the principles of microgrids, including their structure and operation and their applications. It also discusses the latest research on microgrid control and protection technologies and the essentials of microgrids as well as enhanced communication systems. The book provides solutions to microgrid operation and planning issues using various methodologies including planning and modelling; AC and DC hybrid microgrids; energy storage systems in microgrids; and optimal microgrid operational planning. Written by specialists, it is filled in innovative solutions and research related to microgrid operation, making it a valuable resource for those interested in developing updated approaches in electric power analysis, design and operational strategies. Thanks to its in-depth explanations and clear, three-part structure, it is useful for electrical engineering students, researchers and technicians.

Distributed Control and Cyber Security Issues in Microgrids presents a thorough treatment of distributed control methods and cyber security issues for power system researchers and engineers. With the help of mathematical tools, this reference gives a deep understanding of microgrids and new research directions, addressing emerging concepts, methodologies and applications of monitoring, control and protection in smart microgrids with large-scale renewables. With the integration of more distributed or aggregated renewables and the wide utilization of power electronic devices, the smart microgrid is facing new stability and security challenges.

The utilization of AC or DC microgrids across the world has increased dramatically over the years and has led to development opportunities as well as technical challenges when they are connected to the main grids or used as stand-alone systems. This book overviews the development of AC/DC microgrids; explains the microgrid concepts, design and control considerations, discusses operational and technical issues, as well as interconnection and integration of these systems. This book is served as a reference for a general audience of researchers, academics, PhD students and practitioners in the field of power engineering.

In this book the authors first provide a comprehensive survey on the available studies on control, management, and optimization strategies in AC and DC microgrids. The authors then provide the design of a laboratory-scale microgrid system. Finally, a real-world implementation of the deigned framework is provided. This book paves the way for researchers working on the smart microgrids spread over the fields of electrical engineering, power systems, and smart infrastructures. Furthermore, it provides the readers with a comprehensive insight to understand an in-depth big picture of smart microgrids as well as an all-inclusive framework for laboratory-scale implementation of a microgrid. It is suitable for senior undergraduate students, graduate students who are interested in research in areas related to future smart grids and microgrids, and the researchers working in the related areas. This book also can be used as a reference book for researchers who want to develop laboratories on smart microgrids for future research.

Discover scalable, dependable, intelligent solutions for integrating complex networked microgrids with this definitive guide. Combining resilient control, fast programmable networking, reachability analysis, and cyber-physical security, this is essential reading for researchers, professional engineers, and graduate students.

This book offers a wide-ranging overview of advancements, techniques, and challenges related to the design, control, and operation of microgrids and their role in smart grid infrastructure. It brings together an authoritative group of specialists who approach the subject from a number of different viewpoints in the electric power industry, including electricity distribution companies, aggregators, power market retailers, and power generation companies. Design, Control, and Operation of Microgrids in Smart Grids is an authoritative resource for students, researchers, and professionals working with power and energy systems.

Electrical power systems are evolving at the generation, transmission, and distribution levels. At distribution level, small generating and storage units—the so-called distributed energy sources (DERs)—are being installed close to consumption sites. The expansion of DERs is empowering renewable energy source integration and, as a consequence, new actors are appearing in electrical systems. Among them, the prosumer is a game-changer; the fruit of the behavior transformation of the consumer who has not only the ability to consume power but also to produce it. Microgrids can be understood as DER installations that have the capability of both grid-connected and grid-isolated operation. During the last decades, there has been a significant deployment of microgrids (e.g., in countries like the United States, Switzerland, and Denmark) and a consequent increase in renewable energy generation. This is contributing to the decarbonization of electrical power systems. However, the variability and intermittency of renewable sources introduce uncertainty, which implies a more complex operation and control. Taking into account that existing and future planned microgrids are being/going to be interconnected to the current electrical network, challenges in terms of design, operation, and control at power system level need to be addressed, considering existing regulations.

Affine Arithmetic-Based Methods for Uncertain Power System Analysis presents the unique properties and representative applications of Affine Arithmetic in power systems analysis, particularly as they are deployed for reliability optimization. The work provides a comprehensive foundation in Affine Arithmetic necessary to understand the central computing paradigms that can be adopted for uncertain power flow and optimal power flow analyses. These paradigms are adapted and applied to case studies, which integrate benchmark test systems and full step-by-step procedure for implementation so that readers are able to replicate and modify. The work is presented with illustrative numerical examples and MATLAB computations. Provides a uniquely comprehensive review of affine arithmetic in both its core theoretical underpinnings and their developed applications to power system analysis Details the exemplary benefits derived by the deployment of affine arithmetic methods for uncertainty handling in decision-making processes Clarifies arithmetical complexity and eases the understanding of illustrative methodologies for researchers in both power system and decision-making fields

Microgrids: Advanced Control Methods and Renewable Energy System Integration demonstrates the state-of-art of methods and applications of microgrid control, with eleven concise and comprehensive chapters. The first three chapters provide an overview of the control methods of microgrid systems that is followed by a review of distributed control and management strategies for the next generation microgrids. Next, the book identifies future research directions and discusses the hierarchical power sharing control in DC Microgrids. Chapter 4 investigates the demand side management in microgrid control systems from various perspectives, followed by an outline of the operation and controls of the smart microgrids in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 deals with control of low-voltage microgrids with master/slave architecture. The final chapters explain the load-Frequency Controllers for Distributed Power System Generation Units and the issue of robust control design for VSIs, followed by a communication solution denoted as power talk. Finally, in Chapter 11, real-time implementation of distributed control for an autonomous microgrid system is performed. Addresses issues of contemporary interest to practitioners in the power engineering and management fields Focuses on the role of microgrids within the overall power system structure and attempts to clarify the main findings relating to primary and secondary control and management at the microgrid level Provides results from a quantified assessment of benefits from economic, environmental, operational, and social point-of-views Presents the hierarchical control levels manifested in microgrid operations and evaluates the principles and main functions of centralized and decentralized control

SMART GRIDS AND MICROGRIDS Written and edited by a team of experts in the field, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date study of smart grids and microgrids for engineers, scientists, students, and other professionals. The power supply is one of the most important issues of our time. In every country, all over the world, from refrigerators to coffee makers to heating and cooling, almost everyone in the world needs to have access to power. As the global demand rises, new methods of delivering power, such as smart grids and microgrids, have, out of necessity or choice, been developed and researched. In this book, modern and advanced concepts of both microgrid and smart grid technology are introduced. Beginning from the brief fundamental concepts of microgrids and its various constituents this team of experts discusses different architectures, control issues, communication challenges, measurement, stability, power quality and mitigation, protection, and power electronic aspects of the microgrid system. Through this book, tools and techniques needed to design both microgrids and smart grids are discussed. Recent and developing topics like smart meter impact, remote data monitoring, communication protocols, cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, big data, IoT, and many others are covered. Furthermore, this new volume also covers simulation and stability analysis tools pertaining to microgrids and smart grids. Throughout the book, detailed examples of microgrid and smart grid design and development strategies are provided, based on different constraints and requirements. Case studies, numerical models, and design examples are also included. Whether for the veteran engineer or student, this is a must-have volume for any library. Audience: Engineers, scientists, industry professionals, students, and other lay people involved in the business of smart grids and microgrids

This book covers the fundamentals of power electronic converter modeling and control, digital simulation, and experimental studies in the area of renewable energy systems and AC/DC microgrid. Recent advanced control methods for voltage source inverters (VSIs) and the hierarchical controlled islanded microgrid are discussed, including the mathematical modeling, controller synthesis, parameter selection and multi-scale stability analysis, and consensus-based control strategies for the microgrid and microgrid clusters. The book will be an invaluable technical reference for practicing engineers and researchers working in the areas of renewable energy, power electronics, energy internet, and smart grid. It can also be utilized as reference book for undergraduate and postgraduate students in electrical engineering.