Energy Metabolism In Heart Failure

The Scientists Guide to Cardiac Metabolism combines the basic concepts of substrate metabolism, regulation, and interaction within the cell and the organism to provide a comprehensive introduction into the basics of cardiac metabolism. This important reference is the perfect tool for newcomers in cardiac metabolism, providing a basic understanding of the metabolic processes and enabling the newcomer to immediately communicate with the expert as substrate/energy metabolism becomes part of projects. The book is written by established experts in the field, bringing together all the concepts of cardiac metabolism, its regulation, and the impact of disease. Provides a quick and comprehensive introduction into cardiac metabolism Contains an integrated view on cardiac metabolism and its interrelation in metabolism with other organs Presents insights into substrate metabolism in relation to intracellular organization and structure as well as whole organ function Includes historical perspectives that reference important investigators that have contributed to the development of the field

The heart has a very high energy demand but very little energy reserves. In order to sustain contractile function, the heart has to continually produce a large amount of ATP. The heart utilizes free fatty acids mainly and carbohydrates to some extent as substrates for making energy and any change in this energy supply can seriously compromise cardiac function. It has emerged that alterations in cardiac energy metabolism are a major contributor to the development of a number of different forms of heart disease. It is also now known that optimizing energy metabolism in the heart is a viable and important approach to treating various forms of heart disease. Cardiac Energy Metabolism in Health and Disease describes the research advances that have been made in understanding what controls cardiac energy metabolism at molecular, transcriptional and physiological levels. It also describes how alterations in energy metabolism contribute to the development of heart dysfunction and how optimization of energy metabolism can be used to treat heart disease. The topics covered include a discussion of the effects of myocardial ischemia, diabetes, obesity, hypertrophy, heart failure, and genetic disorders of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism on cardiac energetics. The treatment of heart disease by optimizing energy metabolism is also discussed, which includes increasing overall energy production as well as increasing the efficiency of energy production and switching energy substrate preference of the heart. This book will be a valuable source of information to graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and investigators in the field of experimental cardiology as well as biochemists, physiologists, pharmacologists, cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons and other health professionals.

Board-certified cardiologist Dr. Stephen T. Sinatra discusses the importance of energy metabolism on cardiovascular health and the positive impact these three energy-supplying nutrients have on the cardiovascular system. He guides you through the basics of energy metabolism and cardiac bioenergetics, and clearly explains the role of coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine, and D-ribose in the body and specifically how they affect your heart health. He also provides concise and informative examples of case histories and scientific studies that are testament to the important contribution the supplemental use of these energy-supplying nutrients make in the lives of people with heart disease every day.

Board-certified cardiologist Dr. Stephen T. Sinatra discusses the importance of energy metabolism on cardiovascular health and the positive impact these three energy-supplying nutrients have on the cardiovascular system. He guides you through the basics of energy metabolism and cardiac bioenergetics, and clearly explains the role of coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine, and D-ribose in the body and specifically how they affect your heart health. He also provides concise and informative examples of case histories and scientific studies that are testament to the important contribution the supplemental use of these energy-supplying nutrients make in the lives of people with heart disease every day.

Board-certified cardiologist Dr. Stephen T. Sinatra discusses the importance of energy metabolism on cardiovascular health and the positive impact these three energy-supplying nutrients have on the cardiovascular system. He guides you through the basics of energy metabolism and cardiac bioenergetics, and clearly explains the role of coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine, and D-ribose in the body and specifically how they affect your heart health. He also provides concise and informative examples of case histories and scientific studies that are testament to the important contribution the supplemental use of these energy-supplying nutrients make in the lives of people with heart disease every day.

Board-certified cardiologist Dr. Stephen T. Sinatra discusses the importance of energy metabolism on cardiovascular health and the positive impact these three energy-supplying nutrients have on the cardiovascular system. He guides you through the basics of energy metabolism and cardiac bioenergetics, and clearly explains the role of coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine, and D-ribose in the body and specifically how they affect your heart health. He also provides concise and informative examples of case histories and scientific studies that are testament to the important contribution the supplemental use of these energy-supplying nutrients make in the lives of people with heart disease every day.

ATP plays a central role in the two leading causes of cardiac morbidity and mortality in the western world: ischemia and heart failure. We are in our infancy applying what is known about biology and chemistry of ATP toward developing effective therapies for these diseases. In this volume, the current understanding of the chemistry and biology of ATP specifically in the cardiomyocyte is presented. New insights into ATP have been gleaned using biophysical techniques allowing dynamic measurement of chemical events in the intact beating heart and using new animal models in which cardiac proteins are either over expressed, deleted or harbor specific mutations. This book provides a summary of the basic understanding and includes illustrations of why ATP and the Heart is important to both the clinician and scientist.

Written by internationally renowned leaders in their field and relevant to all practicing clinicians, this textbook comprehensively covers all aspects of heart failure, and suggests the optimal evidence-based management for heart failure patients.

Board-certified cardiologist Dr. Stephen T. Sinatra discusses the importance of energy metabolism on cardiovascular health and the positive impact these three energy-supplying nutrients have on the cardiovascular system. He guides you through the basics of energy metabolism and cardiac bioenergetics, and clearly explains the role of coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine, and D-ribose in the body and specifically how they affect your heart health. He also provides concise and informative examples of case histories and scientific studies that are testament to the important contribution the supplemental use of these energy-supplying nutrients make in the lives of people with heart disease every day.

Board-certified cardiologist Dr. Stephen T. Sinatra discusses the importance of energy metabolism on cardiovascular health and the positive impact these three energy-supplying nutrients have on the cardiovascular system. He guides you through the basics of energy metabolism and cardiac bioenergetics, and clearly explains the role of coenzyme Q10, L-carnitine, and D-ribose in the body and specifically how they affect your heart health. He also provides concise and informative examples of case histories and scientific studies that are testament to the important contribution the supplemental use of these energy-supplying nutrients make in the lives of people with heart disease every day.

The book addresses controversies related to the origins of cancer and provides solutions to cancer management and prevention. It expands upon Otto Warburg's well-known theory that all cancer is a disease of energy metabolism. However, Warburg did not link his theory to the "hallmarks of cancer" and thus his theory was discredited. This book aims to provide evidence, through case studies, that cancer is primarily a metabolic disease requring metabolic solutions for its management and prevention. Support for this position is derived from critical assessment of current cancer theories. Brain cancer case studies are presented as a proof of principle for metabolic solutions to disease management, but similarities are drawn to other types of cancer, including breast and colon, due to the same cellular mutations that they demonstrate.

Heart failure is a serious cardiovascular disease that develops following a variety of insults to the heart including hypertrophy and myocardial infarction. While it is clear that heart failure is associated with changes in cardiac energy metabolism, it remains unclear if, and how, such changes might contribute to left ventricular (LV) contractile dysfunction. Two distinct hypotheses have been advanced to link changes in energy metabolism with heart failure: 1) there is a state of energetic crisis / starvation, where rates of energy metabolism decrease and thereby cause LV failure, or 2) there is inefficiency in energy utilization where more energy is required to produce external work. Inefficiency may be due to mismatched rates of glycolysis and glucose oxidation that leads to intracellular proton accumulation resulting in Na+ and Ca2+ overload. Recently, drug-induced modulation of rates of carbohydrate and fat metabolism has been proposed as a new approach for the treatment of LV dysfunction and heart failure. Such metabolic modulation can also be achieved experimentally by the use of genetically-modified experimental animals. This thesis compared the metabolic profile of remodeled post-infarction mouse hearts with normal hearts, studied the response of these hearts to ex vivo ischemia reperfusion (IR) and the ability of metabolic modulation to limit the deterioration of metabolic efficiency and LV dysfunction following myocardial infarction. Using coronary artery ligation, we created a mouse model of post-infarction remodeled heart failure that we verified using in vivo echocardiographic examination. Using ex vivo heart perfusion in the isolated working mode, we provided evidence that CAL hearts are metabolically inefficient rather than energy starved and that mismatched glucose metabolism is a possible contributor to metabolic inefficiency. Using malonyl CoA decarboxylase deficient (MCD-KO) mice that are known to have better matching of glucose metabolism, we confirmed that this metabolic intervention improved glucose matching, metabolic efficiency and limited functional deterioration in CAL hearts. We also studied the response of CAL hearts to ex vivo IR. We showed that CAL hearts have better functional recovery and limited functional deterioration following IR in comparison to SHAM hearts. This was associated with reduced ischemic glycogenolysis, lack of acceleration in fatty acid oxidation during reperfusion and increased triacylglycerol accumulation in reperfused CAL hearts. We provided evidence that mitochondrial mass, Ca2+ handling proteins and AMPK activity are unchanged and are unlikely to contribute to the observed response of CAL hearts to IR. This thesis also studied the potential for further protection of CAL hearts after IR via pharmacologic improvement of the match of glucose oxidation using dichloroacetate (DCA). We showed that in presence of lactate, DCA did not stimulate glucose oxidation, improve functional recovery or improve the match of glucose metabolism. We also showed that in absence of lactate, DCA was able to stimulate glucose oxidation but this was not enough to improve the matching of glucose metabolism. This thesis also discussed differences between mouse and rat heart metabolism that may explain the lack of response to DCA in mouse hearts. Similarly, we studied the possible improvement of metabolic efficiency in CAL hearts via acute ex vivo MCD inhibition but this acute intervention was not sufficient to produce benefit.

Clinical Bioenergetics: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Translation provides recent developments surrounding the etiology and pathophysiology of inherited and acquired energy-delated disorders. Across 40 chapters, world leaders in bioenergetics and mitochondrial medicine discuss novel methodologies designed to identify deficiencies in cellular bioenergetics, as well as the safety and efficacy of emerging management strategies to address poor cellular bioenergetics. Topics discussed include the omics landscape of impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, hormones, tissue bioenergetics and metabolism in humans. Disease-specific case studies, modes of analysis in clinical bioenergetics, and therapeutic opportunities for impaired bioenergetics, addressing both known treatment pathways and future directions for research, are discussed in-depth. Diseases and Disorders examined include brain injury, chronic fatigue syndrome, psychiatric disorders, pulmonary fibrosis, neurodegenerative disorders, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and insulin resistance, among others. Provides a thorough discussion of foundational aspects of bioenergetics and disease, modes of analysis, and treatments for impaired bioenergetics Discusses the role of bioenergetics and treatment pathways in brain injury, chronic fatigue syndrome, psychiatric disorders, pulmonary fibrosis, neurodegenerative disorders, heart failure, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and insulin resistance, among other diseases and disorders Features chapter contributions from international leaders in translational bioenergetics research and clinical practice

Inflammation in Heart Failure, edited by W. Matthijs Blankesteijn and Raffaele Altara, is the first book in a decade to provide an in-depth assessment on the causes, symptoms, progression and treatments of cardiac inflammation and related conditions. This reference uses two decades of research to introduce new methods for identifying inflammatory benchmarks from early onset to chronic heart failure and specifically emphasizes the importance of classifying at-risk subgroups within large populations while determining the patterns of cytokines in such classifications. Further, the book details clinical applications of the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure, diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. Inflammation in Heart Failure’s breadth of subject matter, easy-to-follow structure, portability, and high-quality illustrations create an accessible benefit for researchers, clinicians and students. Presents updated information and research on the relevant inflammatory mediators of heart failure to aid in targeting future translational research as well as the improvement of early diagnosis and treatment Provides research into better understanding the different inflammatory mediators that signal the underlying diseases that potentially lead to heart failure Contains 20 years of research, offering a brief overview of the topic leading to current opinions on, and treatment of, heart failure Provides a structured, systematic and balanced overview of the role of inflammation in heart failure making it a useful resource for researchers and clinicians, as well as those studying cardiovascular diseases

This book is a treatise on cardiomyocytes, the most important cell for the contractile function of the heart. There has been significant progress in our understanding of the function-related structure, developmental processes and their determinants, mechanisms of cell cycle regulation, post-natal growth, energy metabolism, and reversible and irreversible response of cardiomyocytes to diverse forms of physiological stress and injury. There is also more clarity on the alterations in the biological mechanisms in cardiomyocytes that lead to pathological states and the changes in the cells that occur secondary to disease conditions. Thanks to these advances in knowledge, there have been great gains in attempts to identify disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets for better management of patients with heart diseases. Possibilities to induce regeneration or proliferation of cardiomyocytes and thus repair and or regenerate the damaged heart are also on the horizon.