Earths Core

Earth’s Core: Geophysics of a Planet’s Deepest Interior provides a multidisciplinary approach to Earth’s core, including seismology, mineral physics, geomagnetism, and geodynamics. The book examines current observations, experiments, and theories; identifies outstanding research questions; and suggests future directions for study. With topics ranging from the structure of the core-mantle boundary region, to the chemical and physical properties of the core, the workings of the geodynamo, inner core seismology and dynamics, and core formation, this book offers a multidisciplinary perspective on what we know and what we know we have yet to discover. The book begins with the fundamental material and concepts in seismology, mineral physics, geomagnetism, and geodynamics, accessible from a wide range of backgrounds. The book then builds on this foundation to introduce current research, including observations, experiments, and theories. By identifying unsolved problems and promising routes to their solutions, the book is intended to motivate further research, making it a valuable resource both for students entering Earth and planetary sciences and for researchers in a particular subdiscipline who need to broaden their understanding. Includes multidisciplinary observations constraining the composition and dynamics of the Earth’s core Concisely presents competing theories and arguments on the composition, state, and dynamics of the Earth’s interior Provides observational tests of various theories to enhance understanding Serves as a valuable resource for researchers in deep earth geophysics, as well as many sub-disciplines, including seismology, geodynamics, geomagnetism, and mineral physics

Scientists have made new inroads in the study of the Earth's deep interior. They have forged developments in this fascinating arena using experimental and observational techniques,. including seismology, monitoring of the Earth's rotation, geomagnetism, and accurate measurements of Earth's gravity fields. These techniques along with more theoretica

An expanded version of a course on the physics of the Earth's interior by an internationally recognised expert in the field. It is a reference text providing condensed information on those essential physical topics needed by both the non-specialist scientist and student to follow the most recent developments in internal geophysics. It is a key to understanding papers covering theoretical geophysics where the basic formulae, definitions and theorems cannot be explained in detail due to the limited space and thus enables the reader to remain aware of the continuous progress being made in studying the Earth's interior.

At the Earth's Core is a 1914 fantasy novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the first in his series about the fictional "hollow earth" land of Pellucidar. It first appeared as a four-part serial in All-Story Weekly from April 4-25, 1914. It was first published in book form in hardcover by A. C. McClurg in July, 1922

Describes how the Earth was formed, explains how scientists study the Earth's interior, and discusses how the makeup and movement of the mantle and core affect the surface.

In response to a radio plea from Abner Perry, a scientist who with his friend David Innes has discovered the interior world of Pellucidar at the Earth's core, Jason Gridley launches an expedition to rescue Innes from the Korsars (corsairs), the scourge of the internal seas. He enlists Tarzan, and a fabulous airship is constructed to penetrate Pellucidar via the natural polar opening connecting the outer and inner worlds. The airship is crewed primarily by Germans, with Tarzan's Waziri warriors under their chief Muviro also along for the expedition.

Discusses the properties of the Earth's layers, explains how plate techtonics help to form the planets geographic features, and describes how earthquakes and volcanoes occur.

The Earth's Core, Second Edition is a six-chapter book that begins with the general physical properties of the Earth, with emphasis on the core-mantle boundary. This edition discusses the accretion mechanism, heat sources in the early Earth, time of core formation, thermal regime of the Earth, melting-point depth curves, and thermal consequences of iron-alloy core. Subsequent chapters focus on reversals of the Earth's magnetic field; the energetics and the constitution of the Earth's core; and the cores of the Moon and other planets. The role of the Earth's core is vital to the understanding of many geophysical phenomena. It is the seat of the Earth's magnetic field and is responsible as well to some variations in the length of the day.

From the Earth's Core to Outer Space focuses on four themes: (1) Evolving Earth’s crust, (2) Changing Baltic Sea, (3) Climate Change, and (4) Planet Earth, third stone from Sun. The focus on these four topics provides both a state of the art review of earth science topics of particular importance to Scandinavia and the Baltic and also the global context in which a consideration of these topics must be made. It finishes by discussing our use of space born technologies for understanding these topics and places the Earth within the context of our neighbouring planets and their satellites. The first theme includes papers on the structure, origin and evolution of the Earth’s crust and in particular the ore deposits in Fennoscandia, plate-tectonic drift of Fennoscandia (Baltica), and postglacial isostatic rebound of the crust. The second theme contains papers dealing with changes in the ice season of the Baltic Sea, inflow and stagnation in deep basins, biology of the Baltic Sea, and carbon dioxide balance in sea water. The third theme deals with origin and evolution of oxygen in atmosphere, postglacial climate change, effects of aerosols and greenhouse gases on climate, interplay between anthropogenic and natural factors in the current climate change, and Earth’s water resources. The fourth theme includes articles on Earth’s space environment, use of satellites in cartography and geodesy, information obtained by space probes on Mars and other planets and their moons, and possibilities to find life on them.

E. Aster Bunnymund uses his martial arts skills, his network of tunnels, and the help of MiM, Sand Mansnoozy, and Nicholas St. North to battle the Nightmare King, Pitch, who has sent a venomous serpent to attack Bunnymund's royal guard of warrior eggs.

Beneath Earths surface is a boundless source of energygeothermal energy. Heated by our planets red-hot core, hot water and hot rock below the ground on which we walk already provides energy in many parts of the world, from Alaska to Hawaii. Discover the different forms geothermal energy, how people are harnessing and using this rich supply, and how it could be an important part of our energy future.

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geodynamics Series, Volume 31. Geomagnetism, dynamo theory, seismology, geodesy, and mineral physics each present significant perspectives on Earth's core. When interelated, scientists gain and invaluable vantage from which to understans the evolution, dynamics, and state of the core. Earth's Core: Dynamics, Structure, Rotation presents a synthesis of current understanding in proactive analyses of Earth core phenomena, including research in core composition, wave-speed variation, magnetic field signatures, core mantle boundary issues, and more.

The inner core is a planet within a planet: a hot sphere with a mass of one hundred quintillion tons of iron and nickel that lies more than 5000 kilometres beneath our feet. It plays a crucial role in driving outer core fluid motion and the geodynamo, which generates the Earth's magnetic field. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive review of past and contemporary research on the Earth's inner core from a seismological perspective. Chapters cover the collection, processing and interpretation of seismological data, as well as our current knowledge of the structure, anisotropy, attenuation, rotational dynamics, and boundary of the inner core. Reviewing the latest research and suggesting new seismological techniques and future avenues, it is an essential resource for both seismologists and non-seismologists interested in this fascinating field of research. It will also form a useful resource for courses in seismology and deep Earth processes.

Edgar Cayce, America's best documented psychic, gave upwards of 44 readings that dealt with lost continents, geophysical changes to Earth beginning 1958-1998, and a pole shift due to begin about now. In this book, geologist William Hutton and researcher Jonathan Eagle look for correspondences between results of geophysical research studies and psychic descriptions of prehistoric catastrophes. They also seek scientifically to test readings' predictions of catastrophic Earth changes, all the while investigating the following fascinating subjects: * Development and calibration of a comprehensive pole-shift model * The countries predicted to be most affected by a sudden, 1° pole shift. * The geologic trend for a mineralized gold vein at Bimini, Bahamas. * The authors' discoveries of correlations between: - a 2002 arctic earthquake and the eruption of torrid-area volcanoes, - the dropping of atom bombs in 1945 and a significant increase in sunspots following, and - the peaceable nature of Europe in 1645-1715 and the period's near total lack of sunspots. (Cayce readings implied or predicted all three phenomena.) * The first-ever analysis of the sources of Cayce's channeled readings, including a ranking of the veracity and reliability of the most important Earth changes and pole-shift readings. * Moralistic reasons for future catastrophic geophysical changes to Japan, China, and America. * Locations of post-pole-shift safety lands in Canada and America. * Locations of the records of the Atlantean civilization, to be found when Earth changes begin. * How to awaken to the New Cycle presently opening before humanity. * Evidence for Atlantis in the mid-Atlantic ridge area and for Lemuria (or Mu) in the Pacific. * The consuming religious war in which we find ourselves, and an answer to world conditions today. * Visions of an imminent Age-ending fire, as found in a Cayce reading, in a channeled book by Phylos the Tibetan, and in the 1960s visions of girls at Garabandal, Spain. * Doubtful interpretations of Earth-changes and pole-shift readings advanced by managers and writers of Cayce's legacy organization, the Association for Research and Enlightenment, Inc. From the Foreword by the Editor: "The acid test of pole shift and other Earth change predictions is their scientific credibility. If true, momentous societal and political changes are imminent. The geopolitical map of the world will be redrawn. The authors are exploring the transition from the end of one Age to the beginning of another."

Earth as an Evolving Planetary System, Second Edition, examines the various subsystems that play a role in the evolution of the Earth. These subsystems include such components as the crust, mantle, core, atmosphere, oceans, and life. The book contains 10 chapters that discuss the structure of the Earth and plate tectonics; the origin and evolution of the crust; the processes that leave tectonic imprints in rocks and modern processes responsible for these imprints; and the structure of the mantle and the core. The book also covers the Earth’s atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere; crustal and mantle evolution; the supercontinent cycle; great events in Earth history; and the Earth in comparison to other planets. This book is meant for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in Earth Sciences, with a basic knowledge of geology, biology, chemistry, and physics. It also may serve as a reference tool for specialists in the geologic sciences who want to keep abreast of scientific advances in this field. Kent Condie's corresponding interactive CD, Plate Tectonics and How the Earth Works, can be purchased from Tasa Graphic Arts here: http://www.tasagraphicarts.com/progptearth.html Two new chapters on the Supercontinent Cycle and on Great Events in Earth history New and updated sections on Earth's thermal history, planetary volcanism, planetary crusts, the onset of plate tectonics, changing composition of the oceans and atmosphere, and paleoclimatic regimes Also new in this Second Edition: the lower mantle and the role of the post-perovskite transition, the role of water in the mantle, new tomographic data tracking plume tails into the deep mantle, Euxinia in Proterozoic oceans, The Hadean, A crustal age gap at 2.4-2.2 Ga, and continental growth

Collecting the "Pellucidar" and "At the Earth's Core" comic stories that originally appeared in DC Comics' Weird Worlds, this volume takes readers along for the journey as explorers descend to the land of Pellucidar, located at the center of the earth. In a story originally conceived of by Edgar Rice Burroughs, our explorers find a land inhabited by prehistoric reptiles, strange creatures, and beings enacting dark rituals. But most importantly, they discover the beautiful Dian, Queen of Pellucidar, who captures their hearts and leads them on a wild adventure to aid her and win her trust.

A group of distinguished scientists contributes to the foundations of a new discipline in Earth sciences: earthquake thermodynamics and thermodynamics of formation of the Earth's interior structures. The predictive powers of thermodynamics are so great that those aspiring to model earthquake and the Earth's interior will certainly wish to be able to use the theory. Thermodynamics is our only method of understanding and predicting the behavior of many environmental, atmospheric, and geological processes. The need for Earth scientists to develop a functional knowledge of thermodynamic concepts and methodology is therefore urgent. Sources of an entropy increase the dissipative and self-organizing systems driving the evolution and dynamics of the Universe and Earth through irreversible processes. The non-linear interactions lead to the formation of fractal structures. From the structural phase transformations the important interior boundaries emerge. Non-linear interactions between the defects in solids lead the authors to develop the physics of continua with a dense distribution of defects. Disclinations and dislocations interact during a slow evolution as well as during rapid dynamic events, like earthquakes. Splitting the dynamic processes into the 2D fault done and 3D surrounding space brings a new tool for describing the slip nucleation and propagation along the earthquake faults. Seismic efficiency, rupture velocity, and complexity of seismic source zone are considered from different points of view, fracture band earthquake model is developed on the basis of thermodynamics of line defects, like dislocations. Earthquake thermodynamics offers us a microscopic model of earthquake sources. Physics of defects helps the authors decscribe and explain a number of precursory phenomena caused by the buildup of stresses. Anomalies in electric polarization and electromagnetic radiation prior to earthquakes are considered from this point of view. Through the thermodynamic approach, the authors arrive at the fascinating question of posssibility of earthquake prediction. In general, the Earth is considered here as a multicomponent system. Transport phenomena as well as wave propagation and shock waves are considered in this system subjected also to chemical and phase transformations.