Cyclic Plasticity Of Metals

Cyclic Plasticity of Metals: Modeling Fundamentals and Applications provides an exhaustive overview of the fundamentals and applications of various cyclic plasticity models including forming and spring back, notch analysis, fatigue life prediction, and more. Covering metals with an array of different structures, such as hexagonal close packed (HCP), face centered cubic (FCC), and body centered cubic (BCC), the book starts with an introduction to experimental macroscopic and microscopic observations of cyclic plasticity and then segues into a discussion of the fundamentals of the different cyclic plasticity models, covering topics such as kinematics, stress and strain tensors, elasticity, plastic flow rule, and an array of other concepts. A review of the available models follows, and the book concludes with chapters covering finite element implementation and industrial applications of the various models. Reviews constitutive cyclic plasticity models for various metals and alloys with different cell structures (cubic, hexagonal, and more), allowing for more accurate evaluation of a component’s performance under loading Provides real-world industrial context by demonstrating applications of cyclic plasticity models in the analysis of engineering components Overview of latest models allows researchers to extend available models or develop new ones for analysis of an array of metals under more complex loading conditions

Cyclic Plasticity of Metals: Modeling Fundamentals and Applications provides an exhaustive overview of the fundamentals and applications of various cyclic plasticity models including forming and spring back, notch analysis, fatigue life prediction, and more. Covering metals with an array of different structures, such as hexagonal close packed (HCP), face centered cubic (FCC), and body centered cubic (BCC), the book starts with an introduction to experimental macroscopic and microscopic observations of cyclic plasticity and then segues into a discussion of the fundamentals of the different cyclic plasticity models, covering topics such as kinematics, stress and strain tensors, elasticity, plastic flow rule, and an array of other concepts. A review of the available models follows, and the book concludes with chapters covering finite element implementation and industrial applications of the various models. Reviews constitutive cyclic plasticity models for various metals and alloys with different cell structures (cubic, hexagonal, and more), allowing for more accurate evaluation of a component's performance under loading Provides real-world industrial context by demonstrating applications of cyclic plasticity models in the analysis of engineering components Overview of latest models allows researchers to extend available models or develop new ones for analysis of an array of metals under more complex loading conditions

New contributions to the cyclic plasticity of engineering materials Written by leading experts in the field, this book provides an authoritative and comprehensive introduction to cyclic plasticity of metals, polymers, composites and shape memory alloys. Each chapter is devoted to fundamentals of cyclic plasticity or to one of the major classes of materials, thereby providing a wide coverage of the field. The book deals with experimental observations on metals, composites, polymers and shape memory alloys, and the corresponding cyclic plasticity models for metals, polymers, particle reinforced metal matrix composites and shape memory alloys. Also, the thermo-mechanical coupled cyclic plasticity models are discussed for metals and shape memory alloys. Key features: Provides a comprehensive introduction to cyclic plasticity Presents Macroscopic and microscopic observations on the ratchetting of different materials Establishes cyclic plasticity constitutive models for different materials. Analysis of cyclic plasticity in engineering structures. This book is an important reference for students, practicing engineers and researchers who study cyclic plasticity in the areas of mechanical, civil, nuclear, and aerospace engineering as well as materials science.

Hardbound. Low cycle fatigue failures have been identified as being connected with the low number of repeated working cycles of equipment which usually results from start-up, shut-down operations, or some necessary interruption of ordinary use. The vast amount of research carried out so far has shown that only detailed knowledge of the proper mechanisms, and thus recognition of the important parameters governing the fatigue failure, can effectively improve engineering design procedures. This book concentrates on the physical metallurgy approach to elastoplastic cyclic straining and its relation to the fatigue life of metals. Recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the appropriate mechanisms is summarized and the importance of short crack growth is emphasised. Special attention is given to the identification of the basic mechanisms underlying cyclic plastic straining, damage evolution, fatigue crack initiation and growth, which results in final frac

The last few decades have seen considerable progress in the development of high-performance metals and alloys that have microstructures and plastic behaviors with a high level of complexity. Ultrafine-grain materials, metallic glasses, gradient microstructures, etc., have clearly been gaining the attention of researchers and are gaining a place in the industry. Concurrently, the self-organized nature of plastic deformation, leading to complex behaviors on mesoscopic scales even in pure metals with highly symmetric lattices, has been generally recognized. Such progress has demanded the development of sophisticated experimental techniques (in situ TEM, digital image correlation, nano-indentation, etc.), advanced multiscale modeling (molecular dynamics, discrete dislocation dynamics, strain gradient models, etc.), and methods of analysis of the observed and simulated behaviors from the viewpoint of self-organization, with an aim of filling gaps between the elementary atomic-scale mechanisms and the scale of a laboratory sample. The current research has evolved in two main areas. First, new approaches to old questions and traditional model materials allow for a deeper understanding of physical mechanisms. Second, a better understanding of the process-microstructure-property links provides a basis for the elaboration of new materials and processing routes, as well as for the creation of powerful computer models that are able to predict the behavior of complex materials. This Special Issue aims at presenting examples of such recent progress and trends in the plasticity of metals and alloys.

New contributions to the cyclic plasticity of engineering materials Written by leading experts in the field, this book provides an authoritative and comprehensive introduction to cyclic plasticity of metals, polymers, composites and shape memory alloys. Each chapter is devoted to fundamentals of cyclic plasticity or to one of the major classes of materials, thereby providing a wide coverage of the field. The book deals with experimental observations on metals, composites, polymers and shape memory alloys, and the corresponding cyclic plasticity models for metals, polymers, particle reinforced metal matrix composites and shape memory alloys. Also, the thermo-mechanical coupled cyclic plasticity models are discussed for metals and shape memory alloys. Key features: Provides a comprehensive introduction to cyclic plasticity Presents Macroscopic and microscopic observations on the ratchetting of different materials Establishes cyclic plasticity constitutive models for different materials. Analysis of cyclic plasticity in engineering structures. This book is an important reference for students, practicing engineers and researchers who study cyclic plasticity in the areas of mechanical, civil, nuclear, and aerospace engineering as well as materials science.

New contributions to the cyclic plasticity of engineering materials Written by leading experts in the field, this book provides an authoritative and comprehensive introduction to cyclic plasticity of metals, polymers, composites and shape memory alloys. Each chapter is devoted to fundamentals of cyclic plasticity or to one of the major classes of materials, thereby providing a wide coverage of the field. The book deals with experimental observations on metals, composites, polymers and shape memory alloys, and the corresponding cyclic plasticity models for metals, polymers, particle reinforced metal matrix composites and shape memory alloys. Also, the thermo-mechanical coupled cyclic plasticity models are discussed for metals and shape memory alloys. Key features: Provides a comprehensive introduction to cyclic plasticity Presents Macroscopic and microscopic observations on the ratchetting of different materials Establishes cyclic plasticity constitutive models for different materials. Analysis of cyclic plasticity in engineering structures. This book is an important reference for students, practicing engineers and researchers who study cyclic plasticity in the areas of mechanical, civil, nuclear, and aerospace engineering as well as materials science.

An integral review is given in this book on the fatigue phenomenon covering the fundamentals of fatigue damage initiation, relevant factors influencing fatigue crack propagation and fatigue life, random load analysis, and simulation for theoretical and experimental fatigue life assessment. The entire chain of problems related to fatigue of metals and structural components is covered. Specifically, it describes the low-cycle plastic properties and statistically interprets the material stress reaction, examining original results of investigations on inelastic deformations under high cycle cyclic loading and correlating them with a number of use parameters. The limit states of bodies with primary defects and their resistance to fatigue crack propagation are discussed. Measurements, analysis and real-time modelling of operating loads for experimental fatigue life verification are reviewed as well as introducing some new fatigue damage accumulation hypotheses based on dissipated energy.

Constitutive modelling is the mathematical description of how materials respond to various loadings. This is the most intensely researched field within solid mechanics because of its complexity and the importance of accurate constitutive models for practical engineering problems. Topics covered include: Elasticity - Plasticity theory - Creep theory - The nonlinear finite element method - Solution of nonlinear equilibrium equations - Integration of elastoplastic constitutive equations - The thermodynamic framework for constitutive modelling – Thermoplasticity - Uniqueness and discontinuous bifurcations • More comprehensive in scope than competitive titles, with detailed discussion of thermodynamics and numerical methods. • Offers appropriate strategies for numerical solution, illustrated by discussion of specific models. • Demonstrates each topic in a complete and self-contained framework, with extensive referencing.

This is the final report, drawing its conclusions and results from many individual papers and co-workers at the Institute for Structural Analysis of the Technical University of Braunschweig. It shows the correlation between energetic and mechanical quantities of face-centred cubic metals, cold worked and softened to different states. Constitutive models for the plastic of metals are developed and the application of these models is presented. The improvements achieved by this contribution cover the material functions, the shape of yield surfaces, and the consideration of distributed experimental data within the mumerical analysis.

This book presents experimental results and theoretical advances in the field of ultra-low-cycle fatigue failure of metal structures under strong earthquakes, where the dominant failure mechanism is ductile fracture. Studies on ultra-low-cycle fatigue failure of metal materials and structures have caught the interest of engineers and researchers from various disciplines, such as material, civil and mechanical engineering. Pursuing a holistic approach, the book establishes a fundamental framework for this topic, while also highlighting the importance of theoretical analysis and experimental results in the fracture evaluation of metal structures under seismic loading. Accordingly, it offers a valuable resource for undergraduate and graduate students interested in ultra-low-cycle fatigue, researchers investigating steel and aluminum structures, and structural engineers working on applications related to cyclic large plastic loading conditions.

Fracture mechanics is an essential tool for engineers in a number of different engineering disciplines. For example, an engineer in a metals- or plastics-dependent industry might use fracture mechanics to evaluate and characterize materials, while another in aerospace or construction might use fracture mechanics-based methods for product design and service life-time estimation. This balanced treatment, which covers both applied engineering and mathematical aspects of the topic, provides a much-needed multidisciplinary treatment of the field suitable for the many diverse applications of the subject. While texts on linear elastic fracture mechanics abound, no complete treatments of the complex topic of nonlinear fracture mechanics have been available in a textbook format - until now. Written by an author with extensive industry credentials as well as academic experience, Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics for Engineers examines nonlinear fracture mechanics and its applications in mechanics, materials testing, and life prediction of components. The book includes the first-ever complete examination of creep and creep-fatigue crack growth. Examples and problems reinforce the concepts presented. A complete chapter on applications and case studies involving nonlinear fracture mechanics completes this thorough evaluation of this dynamic field of study.

A profusion of research and results on the mechanical behaviour of crystalline solids has followed the discovery of dislocations in the early thirties. This trend has been enhanced by the development of powerful experimental techniques. particularly X ray diffraction. transmission and scanning electron microscopy. microanalysis. The technological advancement has given rise to the study of various and complex materials. not to speak of those recently invented. whose mechanical properties need to be mastered. either for their lise as structural materials. or more simply for detenllining their fonnability processes. As is often the case this fast growth has been diverted both by the burial of early fundamental results which are rediscovered more or less accurately. and by the too fast publication of inaccurate results. which propagate widely. and are accepted without criticism. Examples of these statements abound. and will not be quoted here for the sake of dispassionateness. Understanding the mechanical properties of materials implies the use of various experimental techniques. combined with a good theoretical knowledge of elasticity. thermodynamics and solid state physics. The recent development of various computer techniques (simulation. ab initio calculations) has added to the difficulty of gathering the experimental information. and mastering the theoretical understanding. No laboratory is equipped with all the possible experimental settings. almost no scientist masters all this theoretical kno\vledge. Therefore. cooperation between scientists is needed more than even before.

This book demonstrates applications and case studies performed by experts for professionals and students in the field of technology, engineering, materials, decision making management and other industries in which mathematical modelling plays a role. Each chapter discusses an example and these are ranging from well-known standards to novelty applications. Models are developed and analysed in details, authors carefully consider the procedure for constructing a mathematical replacement of phenomenon under consideration. For most of the cases this leads to the partial differential equations, for the solution of which numerical methods are necessary to use. The term Model is mainly understood as an ensemble of equations which describe the variables and interrelations of a physical system or process. Developments in computer technology and related software have provided numerous tools of increasing power for specialists in mathematical modelling. One finds a variety of these used to obtain the numerical results of the book.

In several industrial fields (such as automotive, steelmaking, aerospace, and fire protection systems) metals need to withstand a combination of cyclic loadings and high temperatures. In this condition, they usually exhibit an amount—more or less pronounced—of plastic deformation, often accompanied by creep or stress-relaxation phenomena. Plastic deformation under the action of cyclic loadings may cause fatigue cracks to appear, eventually leading to failures after a few cycles. In estimating the material strength under such loading conditions, the high-temperature material behavior needs to be considered against cyclic loading and creep, the experimental strength to isothermal/non-isothermal cyclic loadings and, not least of all, the choice and experimental calibration of numerical material models and the selection of the most comprehensive design approach. This book is a series of recent scientific contributions addressing several topics in the field of experimental characterization and physical-based modeling of material behavior and design methods against high-temperature loadings, with emphasis on the correlation between microstructure and strength. Several material types are considered, from stainless steel, aluminum alloys, Ni-based superalloys, spheroidal graphite iron, and copper alloys. The quality of scientific contributions in this book can assist scholars and scientists with their research in the field of metal plasticity, creep, and low-cycle fatigue.

Discover a novel approach to the subject, providing detailed information about established and innovative mechanical testing procedures.