An Innovative Approach To Understanding And Treating Cancer Targeting Ph

An Innovative Approach to Studying and Treating Cancer: Targeting pH describes one of the few characteristics of cancer that is not shared by normal tissues: the reversal or inversion of the pH gradient when intracellular pH becomes alkaline and extracellular pH becomes acid. This is now recognized as one of the most selective and differential hallmarks of all cancer cells and tissues, being the opposite of the condition found in normal tissues and a potential target in order to achieve either a stable disease or even regression with no toxicity. The book discusses topics such as lactic acid and its transport system in the pH paradigm, mechanisms to decrease extra cellular pH and increase intracellular pH, NHE-1 activity in cancer, carbonic anhydrases, vacuolar ATPase proton pump, and the sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter system. Additionally, it discusses complementary pharmacological interventions, cellular acidification and extracellular alkalinization as a new and integral approach to cancer treatment. Analyzes the mechanisms that lead to the inversion of pH gradient in cancer tissues Summarizes almost 100 years of research on pH inversion in cancer in one single source, discussing the most relevant and updated researches in the field Proposes new efficient treatments against cancer using pH inversion mechanisms, either with new drugs like proton transport inhibitors and proton pump inhibitors (PTIs and PPIs) or with repurposed drugs

Prostate Cancer Metabolism: From Biochemistry to Therapeutics shows the peculiarities of prostate cancer metabolism, emphasizing the targetable aspects – that have not been considered in conventional treatment protocols. The book specifically addresses treatment of the castration-resistant stage of prostate cancer proposing many repurposed drugs and nutraceuticals to complement, not replace, standard therapies. The large body of evidence supporting these concepts makes them deserving of further research and well-designed clinical trials. It discusses lipid, cholesterol, glutamine, and glucose metabolisms and their impact on prostate cancer. Additionally, it explains how current established drugs can be repurposed to improve treatment outcomes. The concepts set out in the book, that deal with cancer at the cellular/molecular level, help identify new avenues of research and treatments to pursue that do not affect well-being whilst offer consistent benefits. Since most practicing physicians have not studied basic biochemistry since medical school, each chapter begins with a brief review of the topic to facilitate an understanding of the metabolically-oriented approach to targeting prostate cancer. Conventional treatments are not discussed here since they are covered in textbooks and specialized updates that abound in the medical literature. It is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, oncologists, clinicians and members of biomedical field who want to learn more about prostate cancer metabolism and how to apply recent findings in the field to bedside. Explains the basic aspects of prostate cancer metabolism, including its biochemistry which has a pivotal role in clinical practice Discusses new drugs and nutraceuticals with a metabolism-centered approach Offers practical bedside approach in combination with molecular and biochemical fundamentals to help readers identify and provide the best treatment to their patients

Anti-angiogenic Drugs as Chemosensitizers in Cancer Therapy, Volume 19 focuses on the use of anti-angiogenic drugs as sensitizers of tumor cells to the inhibitory activity of antitumor agents. Conventional and novel anti-neoplastic agents (cytotoxic molecules, hormones/antihormones, immunotherapies) are taken into consideration, along with advances made in combination therapies. The book encompasses examples of studies on the use of antiangiogenic compounds—molecules that inhibit the growth of vessels inside a tumor—together with antineoplastic drugs in order to sensitize the resistant tumor to their cytotoxic effects, thus reducing adverse side reactions and resistance and improving the therapeutic response of cancer patients. In addition, the book discusses clinical applications in various types of cancer, such as colorectal, lung, breast, renal, genitourinary, skin and brain and circulating tumors. It is a valuable resource for cancer researchers, clinicians and members of the biomedical field who wants to be up-to-date on the most recent and promising developments in the field. Provides the most updated reviews on anti-angiogenic drugs as chemosensitizers by leaders in the field Encompasses summarized tables and schematic diagrams in each chapter to give a clear overview on recent findings in a didactic manner Brings not only relevant information of current research but also new ideas and suggestions for further investigations to help advance the field

Cancer Treatment: Conventional and Innovative Approaches is an attempt to integrate into a book volume the various aspects of cancer treatment, compiling comprehensive reviews written by an international team of experts in the field. The volume is presented in six sections: i) Section 1: Cancer treatment: Conventional and innovative pharmacological approaches; ii) Section 2: Combinatorial strategies to fight cancer: Surgery, radiotherapy, backytherapy, chemotherapy, and hyperthermia; iii) Section 3: The immunotherapy of cancer; iv) Section 4: Multidisciplinarity in cancer therapy: nutrition and beyond; v) Section 5: Supportive care for cancer patients; vi) Section 6: Perspectives in cancer biology and modeling. Ultimately, we hope this book can enlighten important issues involved in the management of cancer, summarizing the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the disease control and treatment; thus, providing means to improve the overall care of patients that daily battle against this potentially lethal condition.

Innovative and fusion technologies have shown an incredible ability to improve various aspects of society, such as healthcare systems. Nanobiotechnology is one such technology that is being applied to medical equipment and treatment approaches. Many pharmaceutical and medical companies have begun to count on medical nanotechnology due to its abundant applications and practical uses. Innovative Approaches for Nanobiotechnology in Healthcare Systems is a pivotal reference source that provides insights into a comprehensive collection of novel techniques used for the development of safe drugs using the available resources for diverse deadly diseases. This book discusses the various platforms of nanobiotechnology that are utilized in various fields. It is expected that bionanosytems will play a crucial role in the treatment of human diseases and the improvement of existing healthcare systems. This book is ideal for scientists, biotechnologists, microbiologists, medical professionals, entrepreneurs, policymakers, researchers, academicians, and students.

The ultimate source of information on the design of new anticancer agents, emphasizing small molecules, this newest work covers recent notable successes resulting from the human genome and cancer genomics projects. These advances have provided information on targets involved in specific cancers that are leading to effective medicines for at least some of the common solid tumors. Unique sections explain the basic underlying principles of cancer drug development and provide a practical introduction to modern methods of drug design. Appealing to a broad audience, this is an excellent reference for translational researchers interested in cancer biology and medicine as well as students in pharmacy, pharmacology, or medicinal and biological chemistry and clinicians taking oncology options. * Covers both currently available drugs as well as those under development * Provides a clinical perspective on trials of new anticancer agents * Presents drug discovery examples through the use of case histories

Applications of Nanotechnology in Cancer Chemotherapy offers a complete and concise summary of nanotechnological interventions for cancer management. It highlights the basics of oncology, the cancer microenvironment, targets for active drug delivery, the underlying mechanisms and molecular pathways to enhance the drug delivery to the cancer site. The book discusses the principles of basic and innovative nanocarrier-based therapeutic approaches to modulate the progression of the disease. In addition, this book also explores the evolving targeting approaches specific to the cancer site and type. The scope of the book is not limited to targeted drug delivery for various cancers, but also explores the advancements in cancer imaging and diagnostics employing the nanotechnological tools. Emphasis has been given on the important evaluation techniques like in-vitro cell culture and in-vivo animal models to assess the performance of cancer nanomedicines. The book includes clinical study reports of various drug moieties explored using variety of nanoconstructs in myriad cancer conditions with the input of global market and pharmacoeconomics. Discusses how organic and inorganic nanoplatforms are being used in cancer treatment Shows how nanotechnology is being used to create new and more accurate diagnostic tools Surveys the current generation of cancer nanomedicines, assessing their advantages and challenges

Phase I trials are a critical first step in the study of novel cancer therapeutic approaches. Their primary goals are to identify the recommended dose, schedule and pharmacologic behavior of new agents or new combinations of agents and to describe the adverse effects of treatment. In cancer therapeutics, such studies have particular challenges. Due to the nature of the effects of treatment, most such studies are conducted in patients with advanced malignancy, rather than in healthy volunteers. Further, the endpoints of these trials are usually measures adverse effects rather than molecular target or anti-tumor effects. These factors render the design, conduct, analysis and ethical aspects of phase I cancer trials unique. As the only comprehensive book on this topic, Phase I Cancer Clinical Trials is a useful resource for oncology trainees or specialists interested in understanding cancer drug development. New to this edition are chapters on Phase 0 Trials and Immunotherapeutics, and updated information on the process, pitfalls, and logistics of Phase I Trials

Novel Approaches and Strategies for Biologics, Vaccines and Cancer Therapies takes a look at the current strategies, successes and challenges involved with the development of novel formulations of biologics, vaccines and cancer therapy. This thorough reference on the latest trends in the development of diverse modalities will appeal to a broad community of scientists, students and clinicians. Written by leading authors across academia and industry, this book covers important topics such as unique drug delivery devices, non-parenteral delivery trends, novel approaches to the treatment of cancer, immunotherapy and more. It includes real-world cases and examples which highlight formulations with therapeutic proteins, monoclonal antibodies, peptides and biobetters, as well as cases on novel vaccines formulations including evolving pathogens, novel modalities of vaccines, universal vaccines. This book is a thorough and useful resource on the development of novel biologics, vaccines and cancer therapies. Provides strategies for the development of safe and efficacious novel formulations for various modalities of biologics, vaccines and for cancer therapy Highlights novel cases from current clinical trials as well as marketed products Reviews overall successes and challenges in the development of novel formulations, including new molecular targets for the treatment of diseases, design of target-specific therapies, regulatory considerations, individualized therapies

Cancer is a multifaceted and genomically complex disease and data obtained through high throughput technologies has provided near complete resolution of the landscape of how genomic, genetic and epigenetic mutations in cancerous cells effectively influence homeostasis of signaling networks within these cells, between cancerous cells, tumor microenvironment and at the organ level. Increasingly sophisticated information has helped us in developing a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of cancer, and it is now known that intra-tumor genetic heterogeneity, cellular plasticity, dysregulation of spatio-temporally controlled signaling cascades, and loss of apoptosis are contributory in cancer development, progression and the development of resistance against different therapeutics. It is becoming progressively more understandable that earlier detection of pre-existing or emerging resistance against different therapeutics may prove to be helpful in personalizing the use of targeted cancer therapy. Despite the fact that there is a continuously increasing list of books, being guest edited by researchers, books on the subject are often composed of invited reviews without proper sequence and continuity and designed for a particular readership. This book progressively shifts and guides the readers from basic underlying mechanisms to translational approaches to treat cancer.

Autophagy in Immune Response: Impact on Cancer Immunotherapy focuses on the status and future directions of autophagy with respect to different aspects of its interaction with the immune system and immunotherapy. The book takes scientific research in autophagy a step further by presenting reputable information on the topic and offering integrated content with advancements in autophagy, from cell biology and biochemical research, to clinical treatments. This book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists, graduate students and several members of biomedical field who are interested in learning more on the relationship between autophagy and immunotherapies. Presents updated knowledge on autophagy at the basic level and its potential use in cancer treatment Offers the first book to cover autophagy at the interface of cell biology, immunology and tumor biology Provides a wealth of information on the topic in a coherent and comprehensive collection of contributions by world renowned scientists and investigators

Today we find the applications of nanotechnology in all spheres of life. Nanotechnology: Therapeutic, Nutraceutical and Cosmetic Advances discusses recent advances in the field, particularly with therapeutics, nutraceuticals and cosmetic sciences. Therapeutics is an area which has perhaps benefitted the most, although nanoscience and technology have quietly entered the realms of food science and are playing pivotal roles in the efficient utilization of nutraceuticals. Finally, even before therapeutics came cosmetics and companies started marketing unique products embedding the beneficial and advanced properties enabled by the use of nanostructures. This book highlights trends and applications of this wonderful new technology.

The three sections of this volume present currently available cancer gene therapy techniques. Part I describes the various aspects of gene delivery. In Part II, the contributors discuss strategies and targets for the treatment of cancer. Finally, in Part III, experts discuss the difficulties inherent in bringing gene therapy treatment for cancer to the clinic. This book will prove valuable as the volume of preclinical and clinical data continues to increase.

This volume is the second in the 'Cancer Treatment and Research' series focussing on basic and clinical tumor immunology. It has a rather different focus or emphasis from that of the first volume, published two years ago. That work (Basic and Clinical Tumor Immunology, R.B. Herberman, ed., Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1983) devoted considerable attention to up dated summaries in various areas of classical tumor immunology: specific antitumor immunity, the immunologic competence of cancer patietns, char acterization of human tumor-associated antigens, the ability to propagate specifically immune T cells in culture in the presence of interleukin 2, and the use of such cells for adoptive immunotherapy of established tumors. of evidence concerning the immune However, it also reviewed the status surveillance hypothesis and pointed out the need to consider non-T cell mediated mechanisms of host resistance. In particular, one chapter sum marized information on the role of macrophages in host resistance against tumors. The present volume continues to emphasize one of the major themes of the first volume, innovative approaches to the therapy of cancer. It involves contributions from leading investigators on several primary types of therapeutic interventions related to monoclonal antibodies, the col laboration of monoclonal antibodies with macro phages to mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity, lymphokines, tumor vaccines, and natural killer cells. It also has an up-to-date summary of the immunologic aspects of the exciting and promising work being performed on human T cell leukemia virus in the laboratory of Dr. Robert Gallo.

Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring.

Fighting Cancer describes the Gorter Model, an integrative, nontoxic approach to cancer treatment that mobilizes the immune system. It was developed by Robert Gorter, MD, PhD, who in 1976 recovered from Stage IV testicular cancer by using nontoxic treatment and no chemotherapy or radiation. Based on self-experience, extensive research, and decades of clinical practice, the treatment consists of supporting the immune system using fever therapy (hyperthermia), inoculation with immune cells, the use of the botanical mistletoe (Viscum album)—the single most commonly prescribed anti-cancer medication in much of Europe—supportive nutrients, and diet and lifestyle changes. Organized into three parts, Fighting Cancer presents a clear overview of the model, the research behind it, and strategies for strengthening natural immunity. Emphasizing stress reduction and minimizing toxic exposure, the authors provide practical guidance for patients: questions to ask doctors after diagnosis and advice for evaluating options, gathering information, and getting second opinions. Included are powerful testimonials from patients—most of whom have outlived their prognosis and, in some cases, achieved complete and sustained remission.

The application of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics in cancer research requires an understanding of the many possibilities that NMR metabolomics can offer, as well as of the specific characteristics of the cancer metabolic phenotype and the open questions in cancer research. NMR metabolomics in cancer research presents a detailed account of the NMR spectroscopy methods applied to metabolomics mixture analysis along with a discussion of their advantages and disadvantages. Following an overview of the potential use of NMR metabolomics in cancer research, the book begins with an examination of the cancer metabolic phenotype and experimental methodology, before moving on to cover data pre-processing and data analysis. Chapters in the latter part of the book look at dynamic metabolic profiling, biomarker discovery, and the application of NMR metabolomics for different types of cancer, before a concluding chapter discusses future perspectives in the field. Focused description of NMR spectroscopy needed by cancer biologists who are starting to use metabolomics Current overview of knowledge related to the cancer metabolic phenotype from the perspective of metabolomics applications Information about the best practices in NMR metabolomics experimentation and data preprocessing as applied to different sample types