Neutrosophic Set in Medical Image Analysis

Neutrosophic Set in Medical Image Analysis gives an understanding of the concepts of NS, along with knowledge on how to gather, interpret, analyze and handle medical images using NS methods. It presents the latest cutting-edge research that gives insight into neutrosophic set’s novel techniques, strategies and challenges, showing how it can be used in biomedical diagnoses systems. The neutrosophic set (NS), which is a generalization of fuzzy set, offers the prospect of overcoming the restrictions of fuzzy-based approaches to medical image analysis. Introduces the mathematical model and concepts of neutrosophic theory and methods Highlights the different techniques of neutrosophic theory, focusing on applying the neutrosophic set in image analysis to support computer- aided diagnosis (CAD) systems, including approaches from soft computing and machine learning Shows how NS techniques can be applied to medical image denoising, segmentation and classification Provides challenges and future directions in neutrosophic set based medical image analysis

Soft Computing Based Medical Image Analysis presents the foremost techniques of soft computing in medical image analysis and processing. It includes image enhancement, segmentation, classification-based soft computing, and their application in diagnostic imaging, as well as an extensive background for the development of intelligent systems based on soft computing used in medical image analysis and processing. The book introduces the theory and concepts of digital image analysis and processing based on soft computing with real-world medical imaging applications. Comparative studies for soft computing based medical imaging techniques and traditional approaches in medicine are addressed, providing flexible and sophisticated application-oriented solutions. Covers numerous soft computing approaches, including fuzzy logic, neural networks, evolutionary computing, rough sets and Swarm intelligence Presents transverse research in soft computing formation from various engineering and industrial sectors in the medical domain Highlights challenges and the future scope for soft computing based medical analysis and processing techniques

Optimization Theory Based on Neutrosophic and Plithogenic Sets presents the state-of-the-art research on neutrosophic and plithogenic theories and their applications in various optimization fields. Its table of contents covers new concepts, methods, algorithms, modelling, and applications of green supply chain, inventory control problems, assignment problems, transportation problem, nonlinear problems and new information related to optimization for the topic from the theoretical and applied viewpoints in neutrosophic sets and logic. All essential topics about neutrosophic optimization and Plithogenic sets make this volume the only single source of comprehensive information New and innovative theories help researchers solve problems under diverse optimization environments Varied applications address practitioner fields such as computational intelligence, image processing, medical diagnosis, fault diagnosis, and optimization design

Neutrosophic set, initiated by Smarandache, is a novel tool to deal with vagueness considering the truth-membership T, indeterminacy-membership I and falsity-membership F satisfying the condition 0 ≤ T + I + F ≤ 3. It can be used to characterize the uncertain information more sufficiently and accurately than intuitionistic fuzzy set. Neutrosophic set has attracted great attention of many scholars that have been extended to new types and these extensions have been used in many areas such as aggregation operators, decision making, image processing, information measures, graph and algebraic structures.

Advances in Computational Techniques for Biomedical Image Analysis: Methods and Applications focuses on post-acquisition challenges such as image enhancement, detection of edges and objects, analysis of shape, quantification of texture and sharpness, and pattern analysis. It discusses the archiving and transfer of images, presents a selection of techniques for the enhancement of contrast and edges, for noise reduction and for edge-preserving smoothing. It examines various feature detection and segmentation techniques, together with methods for computing a registration or normalization transformation. Advances in Computational Techniques for Biomedical Image Analysis: Method and Applications is ideal for researchers and post graduate students developing systems and tools for health-care systems. Covers various challenges and common research issues related to biomedical image analysis Describes advanced computational approaches for biomedical image analysis Shows how algorithms are applied to a broad range of application areas, including Chest X-ray, breast CAD, lung and chest, microscopy and pathology, etc. Explores a range of computational algorithms and techniques, such as neural networks, fuzzy sets, and evolutionary optimization Explores cloud based medical imaging together with medical imaging security and forensics

This book presents the advancements and applications of neutrosophics, which are generalizations of fuzzy logic, fuzzy set, and imprecise probability. The neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic probability, and neutrosophic statistics are increasingly used in engineering applications (especially for software and information fusion), medicine, military, cybernetics, physics.In the last chapter a soft semantic Web Services agent framework is proposed to facilitate the registration and discovery of high quality semantic Web Services agent. The intelligent inference engine module of soft semantic Web Services agent is implemented using interval neutrosophic logic.

As a generalization of the fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set, the neutrosophic set (NS) have been developed to represent uncertain, imprecise, incomplete and inconsistent information existing in the real world. Now the interval neutrosophic set (INS) which is an expansion of the neutrosophic set have been proposed exactly to address issues with a set of numbers in the real unit interval, not just one speci c number.

Neutrosophy is a branch of philosophy introduced by Florentin Smarandache. Neutrosophic set (NS) is the derivative of neutrosophy; it is a powerful tool to handle uncertainty. Here we applied neutrosophic set to gray scale image domain for image analysis. Several authors contributed in neutrosophic image analysis and image processing.

Studies to neutrosophic graphs happens to be not only innovative and interesting, but gives a new dimension to graph theory. The classic coloring of edge problem happens to give various results. Neutrosophic tree will certainly find lots of applications in data mining when certain levels of indeterminacy is involved in the problem. Several open problems are suggested.

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) in medicine is the result of a large amount of effort expended in the interface of medicine and computer science. As some CAD systems in medicine try to emulate the diagnostic decision-making process of medical experts, they can be considered as expert systems in medicine.

Neutrosophy (1995) is a new branch of philosophy that studies triads of the form (, , ), where is an entity {i.e. element, concept, idea, theory, logical proposition, etc.}, is the opposite of , while is the neutral (or indeterminate) between them, i.e., neither nor . Based on neutrosophy, the neutrosophic triplets were founded, which have a similar form (x, neut(x), anti(x)), that satisfy several axioms, for each element x in a given set. This collective book presents original research papers by many neutrosophic researchers from around the world, that report on the state-of-the-art and recent advancements of neutrosophic triplets, neutrosophic duplets, neutrosophic multisets and their algebraic structures – that have been defined recently in 2016 but have gained interest from world researchers. Connections between classical algebraic structures and neutrosophic triplet / duplet / multiset structures are also studied. And numerous neutrosophic applications in various fields, such as: multi-criteria decision making, image segmentation, medical diagnosis, fault diagnosis, clustering data, neutrosophic probability, human resource management, strategic planning, forecasting model, multi-granulation, supplier selection problems, typhoon disaster evaluation, skin lesson detection, mining algorithm for big data analysis, etc.

In a developed society, people have more concerned about their health. Thus, improvement of medical field application has been one of the greatest active study areas. Medical statistics show that heart disease is the main reason for morbidity and death in the world. The physician’s job is difficult because of having too many factors to analyze in the diagnosis of heart disease. Besides, data and information gained by the physician for diagnosis are often partial and immersed. Recently, health care applications with the Internet of Things (IoT) have offered different dimensions and other online services.

This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Neutrosophic Multi-Criteria Decision Making" that was published in Axioms

The thyroid nodule is one of the endocrine issues caused by an irregular cell development.This rate of survival can be improved by earlier nodule detection. Accordingly, the accurate recognition of the nodule is of the utmost importance in providing powerful results in building the survival rate.

Neutrosophic theory and applications have been expanding in all directions at an astonishing rate especially after the introduction the journal entitled “Neutrosophic Sets and Systems”. New theories, techniques, algorithms have been rapidly developed. One of the most striking trends in the neutrosophic theory is the hybridization of neutrosophic set with other potential sets such as rough set, bipolar set, soft set, hesitant fuzzy set, etc. The different hybrid structure such as rough neutrosophic set, single valued neutrosophic rough set, bipolar neutrosophic set, single valued neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set, etc. are proposed in the literature in a short period of time. Neutrosophic set has been a very important tool in all various areas of data mining, decision making, e-learning, engineering, medicine, social science, and some more. The book “New Trends in Neutrosophic Theories and Applications” focuses on theories, methods, algorithms for decision making and also applications involving neutrosophic information. Some topics deal with data mining, decision making, e-learning, graph theory, medical diagnosis, probability theory, topology, and some more. 30 papers by 39 authors and coauthors.

“Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” has been created for publications on advanced studies in neutrosophy, neutrosophic set, neutrosophic logic, neutrosophic probability, neutrosophic statistics that started in 1995 and their applications in any field, such as the neutrosophic structures developed in algebra, geometry, topology, etc.

Machine Learning in Bio-Signal Analysis and Diagnostic Imaging presents original research on the advanced analysis and classification techniques of biomedical signals and images that cover both supervised and unsupervised machine learning models, standards, algorithms, and their applications, along with the difficulties and challenges faced by healthcare professionals in analyzing biomedical signals and diagnostic images. These intelligent recommender systems are designed based on machine learning, soft computing, computer vision, artificial intelligence and data mining techniques. Classification and clustering techniques, such as PCA, SVM, techniques, Naive Bayes, Neural Network, Decision trees, and Association Rule Mining are among the approaches presented. The design of high accuracy decision support systems assists and eases the job of healthcare practitioners and suits a variety of applications. Integrating Machine Learning (ML) technology with human visual psychometrics helps to meet the demands of radiologists in improving the efficiency and quality of diagnosis in dealing with unique and complex diseases in real time by reducing human errors and allowing fast and rigorous analysis. The book's target audience includes professors and students in biomedical engineering and medical schools, researchers and engineers. Examines a variety of machine learning techniques applied to bio-signal analysis and diagnostic imaging Discusses various methods of using intelligent systems based on machine learning, soft computing, computer vision, artificial intelligence and data mining Covers the most recent research on machine learning in imaging analysis and includes applications to a number of domains

N-Norm and N-conorm are extended in Neutrosophic Logic/Set.

This book is a collection of the latest applications of methods from soft computing and machine learning in image processing. It explores different areas ranging from image segmentation to the object recognition using complex approaches, and includes the theory of the methodologies used to provide an overview of the application of these tools in image processing. The material has been compiled from a scientific perspective, and the book is primarily intended for undergraduate and postgraduate science, engineering, and computational mathematics students. It can also be used for courses on artificial intelligence, advanced image processing, and computational intelligence, and is a valuable resource for researchers in the evolutionary computation, artificial intelligence and image processing communities.