Chitosan in Drug Delivery

Offers a comprehensive guide to the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications presents a comprehensive review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. These promising biomaterials have the potential to be broadly applied and there is a growing market for these biopolymers in areas such as medical and pharmaceutical, packaging, agricultural, textile, cosmetics, nanoparticles and more. The authors – noted experts in the field – explore the isolation, characterization and the physical and chemical properties of chitin and chitosan. They also examine their properties such as hydrogels, immunomodulation and biotechnology, antimicrobial activity and chemical enzymatic modifications. The book offers an analysis of the myriad medical and pharmaceutical applications as well as a review of applications in other areas. In addition, the authors discuss regulations, markets and perspectives for the use of chitin and chitosan. This important book: Offers a thorough review of the isolation, properties and applications of chitin and chitosan. Contains information on the wide-ranging applications and growing market demand for chitin and chitosan Includes a discussion of current regulations and the outlook for the future Written for Researchers in academia and industry who are working in the fields of chitin and chitosan, Chitin and Chitosan: Properties and Applications offers a review of these promising biomaterials that have great potential due to their material properties and biological functionalities.

Thanks to their unique properties, chitosan and chitosan-based materials have numerous applications in the field of biomedicine, especially in drug delivery. This book examines biomedical applications of functional chitosan, exploring the various functions and applications in the development of chitosan-based biomaterials. It also describes the chemical structure of chitosan and discusses the relationship between their structure and functions, providing a theoretical basis for the design of biomaterials. Lastly, it reviews chemically modified and composite materials of chitin and chitosan derivatives for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, nanomedicine, drug delivery, and gene delivery.

Chitosan in Drug Delivery provides thorough insights into chitosan chemistry, collection, chemical modifications, characterization and applications in the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare fields. The book explores molecular weight, degree of deacetylation and molecular geometry, emphasizing recent advances in the field as written by academic, industry and regulatory scientists. It will be a useful resource for pharmaceutical scientists, including industrial pharmacists, analytical scientists, postgraduate students, health care professionals and regulatory scientists actively involved in pharmaceutical product and process development in natural polymers containing drug delivery. Provides methodologies for the design, development and selection of chitosan in drug delivery for particular therapeutic applications Includes illustrations demonstrating the mechanism of biological interaction of chitosan Discusses the regulatory aspects and demonstrates the clinical efficacy of chitosan

Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer after cellulose and is a resourceful copious and cheap biomaterial discovered in 1859 owing to significant industrial and technological utility. Raw chitin-chitosan resembles keratin in its biological functions. Chitin chemistry vastly developed via innate unparalleled biological features and exceptional physicochemical characters. Chitosan endures assorted chemical/physical modifications easily at free proactive functionalities, yet intact bulk properties are achieved through processing, viz., film, membrane, composite, hybrid, nanofibre, nanoparticle, hydrogel and scaffolds. Rapidly lessen bioresources signify chitosan as an option due to renewable eco-friendliness and drive embryonic myriad applications in S

This chapter focuses on the eye, one of the most important organs of humans. Current data on pathophysiology of the human eye are presented in direct correlation with a range of therapeutic products, with a well-known and widely used material, namely chitosan. Applications of chitosan biopolymer are described in the development of innovative, modern, therapeutic devices and solutions. Thus, chitosan is a good excipient either for classic drop-type ocular systems, as well as for complex drug systems such as nanostructures (nanoparticles, nanomicelles and nanosuspensions), liposomes, microemulsions, microspheres, in situ hydrogels and inserts or implants. A number of disadvantages for ocular administration of the drugs are thus overcome.

Marine organisms have been under research for the last decades as a source for different active compounds with various biological activities and application in agriculture, pharmacy, medicine, environment, and industries. Marine polysaccharides from these active compounds are used as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, bioremediations, etc. During the last three decades, several important factors that control the production of phytoplankton polysaccharides have been identified such as chemical concentrations, temperature, light, etc. The current book includes 14 chapters contributed by experts around the world; the chapters are categorized into three sections: Marine Polysaccharides and Agriculture, Marine Polysaccharides and Biological Activities, and Marine Polysaccharides and Industries.

The book focuses on novel particulate technologies for the purpose of drug delivery to humans. Nowadays, macro and nano-scale particles are being investigated for targeted delivery of small and large biological macromolecules. The targeting of drugs can minimize the dosage regimen and reduces dose related potential toxicity of drug molecules, which in turn lead to increased potential compliance. Various types of organic, inorganic and polymer particles are currently being investigated. These are attracting the attention of the research workers in the field of drug delivery science and technology. This book covers polymersomes, inorganic- organic composites, gold nanoparticles biopolymer and synthetic polymer particles etc.All aspects of drug delivery in relation to each technology have been described including these advances, Easy to read and understand the content of each chapter Rich in up-to-date information regarding their application.

Chitin is the second most abundant polysaccharide present in nature; however, chitin has more applications when transformed into chitosan (CS). It is biocompatible, biodegradable, mucoadhesive, soluble in acidic-solutions, nontoxic and nonallergenic. The main drawback of chitosan in pharmaceutical procedures is its low solubility in physiological medium. Chitosan shows physicochemical characteristics that allow it to interact with a wide variety of molecules. This is of particular interest when increasing the solubility of poor water-soluble drugs. For this purpose, chitosan can be used in oral, nasal and ocular routes. In order to modulate drug release rate and achieve a proper drug delivery in physiological medium, some parameters can be modified when solid dispersions or nanoparticles (NPs) based on chitosan are being designed. In case of nanoparticles, chitosan can be used as the main component or as a modifying agent. In order to optimize drug loading and drug delivery, response surface methodology (RSM) is an interesting tool usually underestimated in the pharmaceutical field, which allows us to optimize the parameters involved in the process simultaneously and not by different steps, which usually lead to mistakes.

Due to their unique properties, chitosan-based materials have emerged as useful resources in a variety of medicines, drug controlled-release carriers, tissue engineering scaffolds, and immobilized enzymes. But many of these materials have yet to reach the commercial market. Therefore, more work must be completed to fill the gap between research and production. Exploring the state of the field, Chitosan-Based Hydrogels: Functions and Applications details the latest progress in the research and development of chitosan-based biomaterials. The book introduces the formation and chemical structure of chitosan-based hydrogels. It also discusses the relationship between their structure and functions, which provides a theoretical basis for the design of biomaterials. In addition, many real-world examples illustrate the potential application of chitosan-based hydrogels in various areas, including materials science, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, regenerative medicine, and cell engineering. By examining the structure and functions of chitosan-based hydrogels in living systems, this book provides the foundation for future research. It encourages readers to contribute to further research and development of these unique biomaterials.

This book reviews recent research and applications of chitin and chitosan, as natural alternatives of fossil fuel products, in medicine and pharmacy, agriculture, food science and water treatment. Chitin and chitosan products are polysaccharides derived from food waste of crustaceans and fungi, and thus are cheap, abundant, sustainable, non-toxic, recyclable and biocompatible. Remarkable applications include food additives and preservation, packaging materials, biopesticides and fertilisers, drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioflocculation and dye removal.

Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications provides a fundamental overview of natural polysaccharides, their sources, extraction methodologies, and characterizations. It covers specific natural polysaccharides and their effective application in drug delivery and biomedical use. Additionally, chapters in the book discuss key topics including the sources and extraction methodologies of natural polysaccharides, their role in tissue engineering applications, polysaccharide-based nanoparticles in biomedical applications, and their role in the delivery of anticancer drugs. Written by industry leaders and edited by experts, this book emphasizes recent advances made in the field. Natural Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications provides academics, researchers, and pharmaceutical health care professionals with a comprehensive book on polysaccharides in pharmaceutical delivery process. Provides fundamental concepts of natural polysaccharides as it applies to the pharmaceutical, biomedical, and biotechnology industries Includes contributions from global leaders and experts from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies in the application of natural polysaccharides in pharmaceutical products and biomedical utilization Offers practical examples, illustrations, chemical structures, and research case studies to help explain natural polysaccharides concepts in drug delivery and biomedical applications

Chitosan Based Biomaterials: Fundamentals, Volume 1, provides the latest information on chitosan, a natural polymer derived from the marine material chitin. Chitosan displays unique properties, most notably biocompatibility and biodegradability. It can also be easily tuned to modify its structure or properties, making chitosan an excellent candidate as a biomaterial. Consequently, chitosan is being developed for many biomedical functions, ranging from tissue engineering and implant coatings to drug and gene delivery. This book looks at the fundamentals of chitosan-based biomaterials. Contains specific focus on the techniques and technologies needed to develop chitosan for biomedical applications Presents a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals Provides contributions from leading researchers with extensive experience in chitosan

This book discusses various fundamental aspects of polysaccharide based nano-biocarrier drug delivery systems and its application in the delivery of small molecules, proteins, peptides, oligonucleotides and genes. It also discusses advances in drug delivery systems in treatment of cancer, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and infectious diseases.

The creation of new and more efficient therapies for improving human health greatly depends on drug delivery systems. Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful strategy for the development of nanoparticles, such as nanoemulsions, liposomes, nanocrystals, and nanocomplexes, applied in the diagnosis, treatment, or theranostics of several pathologies and diseases. This book reviews the most recent research and development in nanotechnology and, following a multidisciplinary approach, presents new strategies for drug delivery, including aspects from chemistry, physics, biology, and imaging methodologies and exploiting several administration routes, internalization pathways, site-specific delivery strategies, and the potential cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. Beginning with a description of the importance and application of nanotechnology for enhancing existing therapy, the book moves on to detailing oral, topical, pulmonary, brain, cancer, and anti-inflammatory drug delivery approaches; gene delivery approaches; theranostic approaches; and nanoparticle cytotoxicity. Practical and user friendly, it is suitable for advanced undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students of nanoscience and nanotechnology; researchers in nanoscience, nanotechnology, chemistry, biology, biochemistry, pharmaceutical sciences, medicine, and bioengineering, especially those with an interest in drug delivery or theranostics; and academia and university readership.

The book "Pharmacology and Therapeutics" targets every aspect of the mechanisms for the chemical actions of both traditional and novel drugs. This book covers six sections: Molecular Modeling and Bio-molecular Pharmacology, Immunopharmacology, Environmental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nanotechnology and Chemotherapy, Drugs and Drug Delivery System and Addiction Pharmacology. Each of these sections is interwoven with the theoretical aspects and experimental techniques of physiology, biochemistry, nutrition, cellular and molecular biology, microbiology, immunology, genetics, and pathology. This book will be a significant source to scientists, physicians, health care professionals and students who are interested to explore the effect of chemical agents on human life.

Polymeric Bionanocomposites as Promising Materials for Controlled Drug, by M. Prabaharan, R. Jayakumar; Chitosan and Chitosan Derivatives in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering, by R. Riva, H. Ragelle, A. des Rieux, N. Duhem, C. Jérôme, and V. Préat; Chitosan: A Promising Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds, by P. K. Dutta, K. Rinki and J. Dutta; Chitosan-Based Biomaterials for Tissue Repair and Regeneration, by X. Liu, L. Ma, Z. Mao and C. Gao; Use of Chitosan as a Bioactive Implant Coating for Bone-Implant Applications, by M. R. Leedy, H. J. Martin, P. A. Norowski, J. A. Jennings, W. O. Haggard, and J.D. Bumgardner; New Techniques for Optimization of Surface Area and Porosity in Nanochitins and Nanochitosans, by R. A. A. Muzzarelli; Production, Properties and Applications of Fungal Cell Wall Polysaccharides: Chitosan and Glucan, by N. New, T. Furuike, and H. Tamura;

Chitin, Chitosan, and Related Enzymes documents the proceedings of a four-day joint United States-Japan seminar held at the University of Delaware. The said seminar is aimed to explore the potential of the application of chitin, chitosan, and related products in different scientific fields. The book is divided into six parts. Part I covers the application of chitin and chitosan to pharmaceutical preparations. Part II discusses the applications of chitin and its derivatives. Part III features chitin and chitosan in relation to enzymology and genetic engineering. Respectively covered in Parts IV, V, and VI are the chemical and physical structure of chitin and chitosan; biochemical and physiological properties of chitin and its derivatives; the effects of phosphate on chitin production; and the development of chitin as a suture as well as for orthopedic uses. The text is recommended for biochemists who would like to know more or make further studies about the different applications of chitin, chitosan, and related enzymes.

A natural long-chain polymer, chitin is the main component of the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of arthropods (including crustaceans and insects), the radulas of mollusks, and the beaks and internal shells of cephalopods. However, marine crustacean shells are the primary sources of the chitin derivative chitosan. Chitin and chitosan are useful for various biological and biomedical applications, although they have been limited by poor solubility in the past. Current research focuses on increasing their solubility and bioactivity through molecular modifications. The resulting derivatives are receiving much attention for interesting properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity, that make them suitable for use in the biomedical field. Chitin and Chitosan Derivatives: Advances in Drug Discovery and Developments presents current research trends in the synthesis of chitin and chitosan derivatives, their biological activities, and their biomedical applications. Part I discusses basic information about the synthesis and characterization of a variety of derivatives, including the preparation of chitin nanofibers. Part II covers chitin and chitosan modifications as the basis for biological applications. It describes antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anticoagulant, and antimicrobial activities. Part III addresses chemically modified and composite materials of chitin and chitosan derivatives for biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, nanomedicine, drug delivery, and wound dressing. A must-have reference for novices and experts in biotechnology, natural products, materials science, nutraceuticals, and biomedical engineering, this book presents a wide range of biological and biomedical applications of chitin and chitosan derivatives for drug discovery and development.